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Loxopholis parietalis (COPE, 1886)

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Higher TaxaGymnophthalmidae (Ecpleopodinae), Sauria, Gymnophthalmoidea, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Common Root Lizard 
SynonymMionyx parietale COPE 1886: 96
Leposoma parietale — RUIBAL 1952: 492
Leposoma parietale — PETERS et al. 1970: 165
Leposoma parietale — DUELLMAN 1978: 217
Leposoma parietale — GRAHAM 2000
Leposoma parietale — WHITHWORTH & BEIRNE 2011
Loxopholis parietalis — GOICOECHEA et al. 2016
Loxopholis parietalis — DIAGO-TORO et al. 2021 
DistributionSE Colombia, Venezuela (Tachira), E Ecuador, NE Peru

Type locality: Pebas, Peru.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesType: unlocated (fide TORRES-CARVAJAL 2001) 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (3640 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentDistribution: not in Brazil. Reports from Brazil are actually L. osvaldoi (Avila-Pires 1995, Costa & Bernils 2015). For a map of localities see Marques-Souza et al. 2022.

Species group: The parietale group ranges from Amazonia to Central America and includes 10 bisexual species (hexalepis, ioanna, rugiceps, southi, parietale, guianense, osvaldoi, snethlageae, caparensis and ferreirai), and the unisexual Leposoma percarinatum (Uzzell and Barry, 1971; Hoogmoed, 1973). The most obvious diagnostic features for this group include the presence of short and wide dorsal and ventral scales arranged in regular longitudinal rows. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin parietalis, of or belonging to walls; in this case, pertaining to the parietal region of the head. [“...The parietals are much smaller and trapezoidal, and longer than wide...”]. (from Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., May 2024) 
References
  • Avila-Pires, T.C.S. 1995. Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Zoologische Verhandelingen 299: 1-706 - get paper here
  • Betancourth-Cundar, Mileidy & Aquiles Gutiérrez Zamora 2010. ASPECTOS ECOLÓGICOS DE LA HERPETOFAUNA DEL CENTRO EXPERIMENTAL AMAZÓNICO, PUTUMAYO, COLOMBIA ECOTRÓPICOS 23 (2): 61-78 - get paper here
  • Catenazzi, A., and P. J. Venegas 2012. Anfibios y reptiles/Amphibians and reptiles. in: N. Pitman, E. Ruelas Inzunza, D. Alvira, C. Vriesendorp, D. K. Moskovits, Á. del Campo, T. Wachter, D. F. Stotz, S. Noningo Sesén, E. Tuesta Cerrón, y/and R. C. Smith, eds. Perú: Cerros de Kampankis. R The Field Museum, Chicago, pp. 106–117, 260–271, 348–365 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1886. Catalogue of the species of batrachians and reptiles contained in a collection made at Pebas, Upper Amazon, by John Hauxwell. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 23: 94-103 [1885] - get paper here
  • DIAGO-TORO, MARÍA F.; DANIELA GARCÍA-COBOS, GIOVANNI D. BRIGANTE-LUNA & JUAN D. VÁSQUEZ-RESTREPO. 2021. Fantastic lizards and where to find them: cis-Andean microteiids (Squamata: Alopoglossidae & Gymnophthalmidae) from the Colombian Orinoquia and Amazonia. Zootaxa 5067 (3): 377–400. - get paper here
  • Dixon, J. R.; Soini, P. 1975. The reptiles of the upper Amazon basin, Iquitos region, Peru, Part I. Lizards and Amphisbaenians. Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 4: 1-58 [1986?] - get paper here
  • Duellman, W. E. 1978. The biology of an equatorial herpetofauna in Amazonian Ecuador. Misc. Publ. Univ. Kans. Mus. Nat. Hist. 65: 1-352 - get paper here
  • Esqueda, Luis Felipe, Enrique La Marca, Marco Natera and Pietro Battiston 2001. Noteworthy reptilian state records and a lizard species new to the herpetofauna of Venezuela. Herpetological Review 32 (3):198-200 - get paper here
  • Goicoechea, N., Frost, D. R., De la Riva, I., Pellegrino, K. C. M., Sites, J., Rodrigues, M. T. and Padial, J. M. 2016. Molecular systematics of teioid lizards (Teioidea/Gymnophthalmoidea: Squamata) based on the analysis of 48 loci under tree-alignment and similarity-alignment. Cladistics, doi: 10.1111/cla.12150 - get paper here
  • Goldberg, Stephen R., Charles R. Bursey, Laurie J. Vitt and Jeanette Arreola. 2013. Leposoma parietale endoparasites. Herpetological Review 44 (2): 324-325 - get paper here
  • Marques-Souza, S., Pellegrino, K. C. M., Brunes, T. O., Rojas-Runjaic, F. J., & Rodrigues, M. T. 2022. A molecular perspective on the systematics and distribution of Loxopholis lizards in South and Central America, with advances on the biogeography of the tribe Ecpleopodini (Gymnophthalmidae: Squamata). Systematics and Biodiversity, 20(1), 2119295 - get paper here
  • Metcalf, M. F., Guedouar, E., Davis, L., Rodriguez, A., Marsh, A., Pacaya, E. T., ... & Gunnels IV, C. W. 2023. Herpetofauna of Madre Selva Biological Station in Loreto, Peru. Herpetology Notes, 16, 727-740
  • Metcalf, Matthew; Alexander Marsh, Emerson Torres, Devon Graham, Charles Gunnels 2020. Herpetofauna of the Santa Cruz Forest Preserve in the Peruvian Amazon Basin. Herpetology Notes 13: 753-767 - get paper here
  • Narváez, Andrea and Sanmartín-Villar, Iago 2016. Leposoma parietale (Common Root Lizard) Mating. Herpetological Review 47 (4): 671 - get paper here
  • Peters, James A. & Donoso-Barros, Roberto 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part II. Lizards and Amphisbaenians. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 297: 293 pp. - get paper here
  • RIVAS, GILSON A.; CÉSAR R. MOLINA, GABRIEL N. UGUETO, TITO R. BARROS, CÉSAR L. BAR- RIO-AMORÓS & PHILIPPE J. R. KOK 2012. Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa 3211: 1–64 - get paper here
  • Rodrigues M T. 1997. A new species of Leposoma (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from the Atlantic forest of Brazil. Herpetologica 53 (3): 383-389. - get paper here
  • Rodrigues, Miguel T. and Teresa C. S. Avila-Pires 2005. New lizard of the genus Leposoma (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from the Lower Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 39 (4): 541-546 - get paper here
  • RODRIGUES, MIGUEL TREFAUT; MAURO TEIXEIRA JR., RENATO SOUSA RECODER, FRANCISCO DAL VECHIO, ROBERTA DAMASCENO & KATIA CRISTINA MACHADO PELLEGRINO 2013. A new species of Leposoma (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with four fingers from the Atlantic Forest central corridor in Bahia, Brazil. Zootaxa 3635 (4): 459–475 - get paper here
  • Ruibal, R. 1952. Revisionary studies of some South American Teiidae. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 106: 475-529 (477?)-529. - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
  • Whithworth, A. & Beirne, C. 2011. Reptiles of the Yachana Reserve. Global Vision International, 130 pp. - get paper here
 
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