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Loxopholis caparensis (ESQUEDA, 2005)

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Higher TaxaGymnophthalmidae (Ecpleopodinae), Sauria, Gymnophthalmoidea, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymLeposoma caparensis ESQUEDA 2005
Loxopholis caparensis — GOICOECHEA et al. 2016
Loxopholis caparensis — DIAGO-TORO et al. 2021 
DistributionVenezuela (Barinas), Colombia

Type locality: Reserva Forestal de Caparo (07°28’14" N y 70°59’15" W), Municipio Andrés Eloy Blanco, Estado Barinas, Venezuela. 174 m elevation.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ULABG 5486, adult male 
Diagnosis 
CommentThis species is included in this genus by possessing well developed limbs, with all digits bearing claws; nasals separated by frontonasal scale; lower eyelid with semitransparent disk; prefrontals and frontoparietals present; occipitals and postparietals absent; interparietal and parietals form a semicircular posterior margin. Likewise, it is separated from its congeners by the following combination of characters: ventral scales smooth in males and smooth to slightly keeled in females, imbricate, arranged in transverse and longitudinal rows; dorsal scales roughly rhomboid, keeled, mucronate, imbricate, arranged in transverse and oblique rows; gulars smooth in males, smooth or slightly keeled in females; supraciliars in direct contact with supraoculars; postoculars smooth; postocular dorsal scales enlarged; first postsupralabial reaches corners of the mouth and is sharply differentiated from the temporal scales. Males with immaculate red belly, immaculate cream in females.

Distribution: For a map of localities see Marques-Souza et al. 2022. 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality. 
References
  • DIAGO-TORO, MARÍA F.; DANIELA GARCÍA-COBOS, GIOVANNI D. BRIGANTE-LUNA & JUAN D. VÁSQUEZ-RESTREPO. 2021. Fantastic lizards and where to find them: cis-Andean microteiids (Squamata: Alopoglossidae & Gymnophthalmidae) from the Colombian Orinoquia and Amazonia. Zootaxa 5067 (3): 377–400. - get paper here
  • Esqueda, L.F. 2005. Un nuevo Leposoma (Squamata:Gymnophthalmidae) de la reserva forestal de Caparo, Estado Barinas, Venezuela. Herpetotropicos 2 (1): 33-42 - get paper here
  • Goicoechea, N., Frost, D. R., De la Riva, I., Pellegrino, K. C. M., Sites, J., Rodrigues, M. T. and Padial, J. M. 2016. Molecular systematics of teioid lizards (Teioidea/Gymnophthalmoidea: Squamata) based on the analysis of 48 loci under tree-alignment and similarity-alignment. Cladistics, doi: 10.1111/cla.12150 - get paper here
  • Marques-Souza, S., Pellegrino, K. C. M., Brunes, T. O., Rojas-Runjaic, F. J., & Rodrigues, M. T. 2022. A molecular perspective on the systematics and distribution of Loxopholis lizards in South and Central America, with advances on the biogeography of the tribe Ecpleopodini (Gymnophthalmidae: Squamata). Systematics and Biodiversity, 20(1), 2119295 - get paper here
  • RIVAS, GILSON A.; CÉSAR R. MOLINA, GABRIEL N. UGUETO, TITO R. BARROS, CÉSAR L. BAR- RIO-AMORÓS & PHILIPPE J. R. KOK 2012. Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa 3211: 1–64 - get paper here
  • RODRIGUES, MIGUEL TREFAUT; MAURO TEIXEIRA JR., RENATO SOUSA RECODER, FRANCISCO DAL VECHIO, ROBERTA DAMASCENO & KATIA CRISTINA MACHADO PELLEGRINO 2013. A new species of Leposoma (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with four fingers from the Atlantic Forest central corridor in Bahia, Brazil. Zootaxa 3635 (4): 459–475 - get paper here
  • Sánchez-Pacheco, S. J., J. V. Rueda-Almonacid, J. R. Caicedo-Portilla & S. M. Souza 2016. First record of Leposoma caparensis from Colombia, with confirmation for the presence of Ptychoglossus myersi and P. plicatus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae). Salamandra 52 (1): 53-57 - get paper here
 
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