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Lycophidion irroratum (LEACH, 1819)

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Higher TaxaLamprophiidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Leach's Wolf Snake, Pale Wolf Snake 
SynonymColuber irroratus LEACH 1819: 494
Metoporhina irrorata — GÜNTHER 1858: 198
Lycophidium irroratum — GÜNTHER 1868: 426 (part.)
Lycophidium irroratum — BOULENGER 1893: 340
Lycophidion irroratum — LAURENT 1958: 121
Lycophidion irroratum — GUIBÉ & ROUX-ESTÈVE 1972: 391
Lycophidion irroratum — BROADLEY & HUGHES 1993: 12
Lycophidion irroratum — BROADLEY 1998
Lycophidion irroratum —TRAPE & MANÉ 2006: 120
Lycophidion irroratum — WALLACH et al. 2014: 409
Lycophidion irroratum — SENTER & CHIPPAUX 2022 
DistributionSierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Central African Republic, Cameroon, N Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire), Gambia, Guinea (Conakry), Nigeria, S Mali, Republic of South Sudan (RSS)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesType: BMNH 1946.1.14.30 (and possibly additional specimens). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Two or three apical pits. Snout shorter than parietals. Postnasal in contact with 2nd labial, seldom with 1st as well. Scale rows 17-17-17 (rarely 15) in front of the amus. Ventrals: 165-187 (♂♂), 161-189 (♀♀). Subcaudals: 37-53 (♂♂), 30-14 (♀♀). Color brownish, finely light stippled, a white band around the snout. Alterating dark spots in juveniles.
Maximum size observed (in mm). 325 (tail 11) in males; 110 (tail 50) in females. (Laurent 1968: 469)


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CommentSCHMIDT’s (1923) Lycophidion irroratum has been synonymized with Lycophidion capense jacksoni by BROADLEY & POYNTON 1998. More synonyms in BOULENGER 1893. 
References
  • Barnett, Linda K. 2001. The herpetofauna of Abuko Nature Reserve, the Gambia. Herpetological Bulletin (77): 5-1 - get paper here
  • Barnett, Linda K. & Emms, Craig 2005. Common reptiles of The Gambia. Rare Repro, Hailsham, East Sussex, 24 pp.
  • Böhme W; Schneider B 1987. Zur Herpetofaunistik Kameruns (3) mit Beschreibung einer neuen Cardioglossa (Anura: Arthroleptidae). Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 38 (3): 241-263 - get paper here
  • Böhme, Wolfgang, Mark-Oliver Rödel, Christian Brede & Philipp Wagner 2011. The reptiles (Testudines, Squamata, Crocodylia) of the forested southeast of the Republic Guinea (Guinée forestière), with a country-wide checklist. Bonn zoological Bulletin 60 (1): 35-61 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Broadley, D G 1992. The taxonomy and zoogeography of the genus Lycophidion (Serpentes: Colubridae). Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 40: 30-36 - get paper here
  • Broadley, D.G. 1998. The reptilian fauna of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa). In: Schmidt, K.P. and Noble, G.K., Contributions to the Herpetology of the Belgian Congo... [reprint of the 1919 and 1923 papers]. SSAR Facsimile reprints in Herpetology, 780 pp.
  • Broadley, D.G. & Hughes,B. 1993. A review of the genus Lycophidion (Serpentes: Colubridae) in northeastern Africa. The Herpetological Journal 3 (1): 8-18 - get paper here
  • Chifundera, K. 1990. Snakes of Zaire and their bites. Afr. Stud. Monogr. (Kyoto) 10(3): 137-157.
  • Chippaux, Jean-Philippe & Kate Jackson 2019. Snakes of Central and Western Africa. Johns Hopkins University Press, 448 pp. [detaileld review in HR 51 (1): 161] - get paper here
  • Chirio, L. & Lebreton, M. 2007. Atlas des reptiles du Cameroun. MNHN, IRD, Paris 688 pp.
  • Guibé, J. & ROUX-ESTÈVE, R. 1972. Les espèces ouest-Africains du genre Lycophidion (Serpentes, Colubridae), with the description of a new endemic species. Zoologische Mededelingen 47: 391-400 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1858. Catalogue of Colubrine snakes of the British Museum. London, I - XVI, 1 - 281 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1868. Sixth account of new species of snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 1: 413-429 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1896. Report on a collection of reptiles and fishes made by Miss M. H. Kingsley during her travels on the Ogowe river and in Old Calabar. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 17: 261-267 - get paper here
  • Hughes, B. 2013. Snakes of Bénin, West Africa. Bull. Soc. Herp. France 144: 101-159
  • Laurent, R.F. 1958. Notes herpétologiques africaines II. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 58 (1–2): 115–128
  • Laurent, R.F. 1968. A re-examination of the snake genus Lycophidion Duméril & Bibron. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard 136 (12): 461-482 - get paper here
  • Leach 1819. in: Bowdich, T.E., Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee, with a statistical account of that kingdom, geographical notices of other parts of the interior of Africa. London, john Murray, pp. 493-496
  • Menzies, J.I. 1966. The snakes of Sierra Leone. Copeia 1966 (2): 169-179. - get paper here
  • Papenfuss, T. J. 1969. Preliminary analysis of the reptiles of arid central West Africa. Wasmann Journal of Biology 27:249—325 - get paper here
  • Segniagbeto GLazcano. H., Trape J. F., David P., Ohler A., Dubois A. & Glitho I. A. 2011. The snake fauna of Togo: systematics, distribution and biogeography, with remarks on selected taxonomic problems. Zoosystema 33 (3): 325-360. DOI: 10.5252/z2011n3a4 - get paper here
  • Segniagbeto, G.H.; Dekawole, J.K.; Ketoh, G.K.; Dendi, D.; Luiselli, L. 2022. Herpetofaunal Diversity in a Dahomey Gap Savannah of Togo (West Africa): Effects of Seasons on the Populations of Amphibians and Reptiles. Diversity 14: 964
  • Senter, P. J., & Chippaux, J. P. 2022. Biogeography of snakes in Liberia: Review and synthesis of current knowledge. Ghana Journal of Science, 63(1), 29-62 - get paper here
  • Spawls, Stephen; Tomáš Mazuch & Abubakr Mohammad 2023. Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of North-east Africa. Bloomsbury, 640 pp. - get paper here
  • Trape, J.-F. 2023. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale, centrale et d’Afrique du Nord. IRD Éditions, Marseille, 896 pp.
  • Trape, J.-F. & Mané, Y. 2006. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale. Savane et désert. [Senegal, Gambia, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger]. IRD Editions, Paris, 226 pp. - get paper here
  • TRAPE, JEAN-FRANÇOIS & CELLOU BALDÉ 2014. A checklist of the snake fauna of Guinea, with taxonomic changes in the genera Philothamnus and Dipsadoboa (Colubridae) and a comparison with the snake fauna of some other West African countries. Zootaxa 3900 (3): 301–338 - get paper here
  • Trape, Jean-François & Youssouph Mané 2017. The snakes of Mali. Bonn zoological Bulletin 66 (2): 107–133 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Werner, F. 1897. Über Reptilien und Batrachier aus Togoland, Kamerun und Tunis aus dem Kgl. Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges., Wien 47: 395-407 - get paper here
 
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