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Malayemys subtrijuga (SCHLEGEL & MÜLLER, 1845)

IUCN Red List - Malayemys subtrijuga - Vulnerable, VU

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Higher TaxaGeoemydidae (Geoemydinae), Testudinoidea, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: (Malayan) Snail-eating Turtle
G: Malaiischer Schneckenfresser 
SynonymEmys hermanni SCHWEIGGER 1812: 311 (?)
Emys subtrijuga SCHLEGEL & MÜLLER in TEMMINCK 1845
Emys nuchalis BLYTH 1863: 82
Damonia (?) crassiceps GRAY 1870
Damonia oblonga GRAY 1871: 367
Damonia subtrijuga — BOULENGER 1889
Cistudo gibbosa BLEEKER 1889 (nomen nudum)
Damonia subtrijuga — DE ROOIJ 1915: 295
Malayemys subtrijuga, LINDHOLM 1931: 30
Malayemys subtrijuga — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 166
Malayemys subtrijuga — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 450
Malayemys subtrijuga — COX et al. 1998: 129
Malayemis [sic] subtrijuga — CHAN-ARD et al. 1999: 226
Malayemys subtrijuga — SCHILDE 2004
Malayemys subtrijuga — BROPHY 2004
Malayemys subtrijuga — TTWG 2014
Malayemys subtrijuga — TTWG 2021 
DistributionS Vietnam (Mekong drainage), Cambodia, E Thailand, Laos, introduced to Indonesia (Sumatra, Java)

Type locality: Java  
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesLectotype: RMNH RENA.6085, other syntypes: 6084, and 6085; paralectotypes: RMNH RENA.6082 and 6084. The lectotype is pictures as Emys trijuga in Boie "Erp. Java" on pl. III (fide Hoogmoed & E. Dondorp, pers. comm., 28 Jan 2019). See also comment). 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (3224 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy: following Wermuth & Mertens 1977

BROPHY (2004) separated M. subtrijuga from M. macrocephala which was previously considered as a synonym of M. subtrijuga. According to BROPHY (2004) the two forms differ by the following characters (sorry about the cryptic abbreviations - the text was copied directly from BROPHY’s abstract):

Turtles from the Mekong River Basin retain the name Malayemys subtrijuga (Schlegel and Müller,1844), whereas those from the Chao Phraya and Mae Klong river basins, coastal areas of south-eastern Thailand, and the Malay

Peninsula are assigned the name M. macrocephala. M. macrocephala has four or fewer nasal stripes (99%) and an infraorbital stripe that is relatively wide at the loreal seam (98%of InfSW/HW=0.07-0.18) and does not extend or extends only slightly superior to the loreal seam (96%). Conversely, M.subtrijuga has six or more nasal stripes (89%) and an infraorbital stripe that is relatively narrow at the loreal seam (92% of InfSW/HW=0.02-0.06), extends completely superior to the loreal seam (96%), and usually joins the supraorbital stripe (64%). Female M. macrocephala also have relatively longer AnL and relatively shorter Vert5L and PecL than M. subtrijuga. Similarly, male M. macrocephala have relatively longer PPLL and AbdL, relatively shorter Pleu1L and PecL, and greater RLatK values than M. subtrijuga.

Types: Iverson (1986:50, 1992:138) listed BMNH 1947.3.4.53 as the holotype for M. subtrijuga based on an entry in the BMNH species catalog (King and Burke 1997). For a more detailed discussion on types see BROPHY 2004.

Behavior: nocturnal (Sumontha et al. 2016), but also diurnal (F. Ihlow, pers. comm. 19 April 2016).

Habitat: freshwater (Rivers, swamps, ponds) 
References
  • Blyth, EDWARD 1863. Report of the curator, zoological department. J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, Calcutta, 32 (1): 73-90. - get paper here
  • Bour, R. 2008. Global diversity of turtles (Chelonii; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:593–598 - get paper here
  • Brophy, Timothy R. 2003. Variation and Systematics of the Malayan Snail-Eating Turtle, Malayemys subtrijuga (Schlegel and Muller, 1844) . Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Environmental and Science Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.
  • Brophy, Timothy R. 2004. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION AND SYSTEMATICS IN THE SOUTH-EAST ASIAN TURTLES OF THE GENUS MALAYEMYS (TESTUDINES: BATAGURIDAE). Hamadryad 29 (1): 63 – 79 - get paper here
  • Brophy, Timothy R. 2006. Allometry and sexual dimorphism in the Snail-Eating Turtle Malayemys macrocephala from the Chao Phraya River Basin of Central Thailand. Chelonian Conserv. Biol. 5 (1): 159-165. - get paper here
  • Chan-ard, T., Parr, J.W.K. & Nabhitabhata, J. 2015. A field guide to the reptiles of Thailand. Oxford University Press, NY, 352 pp. [see book reviews by Pauwels & Grismer 2015 and Hikida 2015 for corrections] - get paper here
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  • Gray, J. E. 1871. Damonia oblonga, a new species of freshwater tortoise. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 8: 367 - get paper here
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  • Ihlow F, Vamberger M, Flecks M, Hartmann T, Cota M, Makchai S, et al. 2016. Integrative Taxonomy of Southeast Asian Snail-Eating Turtles (Geoemydidae: Malayemys) Reveals a New Species and Mitochondrial Introgression. PLoS One 11 (4): e0153108, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153108 - get paper here
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  • TTWG [Peter Paul van Dijk, John B. Iverson, Anders G.J. Rhodin, H. Bradley Shaffer, and Roger Bour] 2014. Turtles of the World, 7th Edition: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution with Maps, and Conservation Status. 000.v7. Chelonian Research Monographs (ISSN 1088-7105) No. 5, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v7.2014 - get paper here
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