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Masticophis piceus (COPE, 1892)

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Coachwhip
flagellum: Eastern Coachwhip
cingulum: Sonoran Coachwhip
lineatulus: Lined Coachwhip
piceus: Red Coachwhip
ruddocki: San Joaquin Coachwhip
testaceus: Western Coachwhip
G: Kutscherpeitschen-Natter
S: Chirrionera 
SynonymBascanion piceum COPE 1892: 625
Bascanion flagellum frenatum STEJNEGER 1893
Bascanion piceum — VAN DENBURGH 1896
Zamenis flagellum piceus — COPE 1900: 804
Bascanion piceum — VAN DENBURGH 1913
Zamenis flagellum piceus — ANDERSSON 1916: 28
Coluber flagellum piceus — VAN DENBURGH & SLEVIN 1921
Masticophis flagellum piceus — TANNER 1927: 57
Masticophis piceus — ORTENBURGER 1928
Masticophis piceus — KLAUBER 1931
Masticophis piceus — TAYLOR 1938: 490
Coluber piceus — DUNN 1940
Masticophis flagellum piceus — SMITH 1941: 397
Coluber flagellum piceus — KLAUBER 1942: 88
Masticophis flagellum piceus — CLIFF 1954
Masticophis flagellum piceus — ZWEIFEL & NORRIS 1955
Masticophis flagellum piceus — HARDY 1969: 183
Masticophis flagellum piceus — MEHRTENS 1987: 143
Masticophis flagellum piceus — CROTHER 2000: 66
Coluber flagellum piceus — LINER 2007
Masticophis flagellum piceus — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009
Coluber flagellum piceus — CROTHER et al. 2012
Masticophis piceus — O’CONNELL & SMITH 2018

Masticophis flagellum cingulum LOWE & WOODIN 1954: 247
Masticophis flagellum cingulum — CROTHER 2000: 65
Coluber flagellum cingulum — LINER 2007
Masticophis flagellum cingulum — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009
Coluber flagellum cingulum — CROTHER et al. 2012
Masticophis flagellum cingulum — O’CONNELL et al. 2018 
DistributionUSA (Nevada, S California, Arizona, S Utah)

Type locality: Camp Grant (= Fort Grant), Graham County, Arizona.

cingulum: Mexico (Sonora), USA (S Arizona); Type locality, Moctezuma, Sonora, Mexico, ca. 2000 ft.  
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesHolotype: USNM 7891, skin of adult female (?) , collected by E. Palmer, no date
Holotype: UAZ (University of Arizona) 672, adult male, collected by A. W. Ruff, summer 1951 [cingulum]
Holotype: USNM 16340 [Bascanion flagellum frenatum] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2473 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy: O’CONNELL & SMITH 2018 suggested to synonymize M. f. cingulum and M. f. piceus, and elevating both lineages to species status as M. piceus, hence we merged cingulum into this entry. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin piceus, pitch-black, dark-colored. [“...Color above, to and imduding the extremities of the gastrosteges, black...”]. 
References
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