Masticophis schotti BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies	Masticophis schotti ruthveni ORTENBURGER 1923 Masticophis schotti schotti BAIRD & GIRARD 1853
Common Names	E: Schott's Whipsnake ruthveni: Ruthven's Whipsnake
Synonym	Masticophis schotti BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 160 Zamenis schotti — COPE 1900: 811 Masticophis taeniatus schotti — GLOYD & CONANT 1934 Masticophis taeniatus schotti — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945: 98 Masticophis taeniatus schotti — SHANNON & SMITH 1949 Masticophis taeniatus schotti — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 188 Masticophis schotti — CAMPER & DIXON 1994 Masticophis schotti — CROTHER 2000: 66 Coluber schotti — UTIGER et al. 2005 (by implication) Masticophis schotti schotti — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009 Coluber schotti — CROTHER et al. 2012 Masticophis schotti — WALLACH et al. 2014: 419 Masticophis schotti — HEIMES 2016: 110 Masticophis schotti — O’CONNELL et al. 2017 Masticophis schotti — MYERS et al. 2017 Coluber schotti — ROTH-MONZÓN et al. 2018 Masticophis schotti ruthveni ORTENBURGER 1923 Masticophis ruthveni ORTENBURGER 1923 Masticophis taeniatus australis SMITH 1941: 390 Masticophis taeniatus ruthveni — SMITH 1941: 392 Masticophis taeniatus ruthveni — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945: 98 Masticophis taeniatus ruthveni — SHANNON & SMITH 1949 Masticophis taeniatus ruthveni — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 189 Masticophis taeniatus ruthveni — LINER 1994 Masticophis ruthveni — CAMPER & DIXON 1994 Masticophis schotti ruthveni — CROTHER 2000: 66 Masticophis ruthveni — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 322 Masticophis ruthveni — TENNANT 2003: 328 Masticophis schotti ruthveni — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009 Coluber schotti ruthveni — CROTHER et al. 2012
Distribution	USA (Texas), Mexico (Coahuila, Hidalgo, Veracruz, Guanajuato) Type locality: Eagle Pass, Texas. ruthveni: USA (S Texas); Mexico (San Luis Potosi, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Quéretaro); Type locality: Brownsville, Texas. schotti: USA (S Texas)
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: USNM 1972 Holotype: UMMZ 57681 [ruthveni] Holotype: USNM 10240, paratypes: USNM, from “Guanajuato” [australis]
Diagnosis	Diagnosis: This species is the only species of Masticophis with 15 dorsal scale rows having both dorsal speckling and red pigment at the angle of the jaw and lacking pale bordering on the head scales. (Camper 1996) Unfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 4416 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Synonymy: mostly after CAMPER 1996. The description of australis was apparently based on juveniles, without Smith having seen any adults. C. schotti ruthveni intergrades with C. taeniatus australis (fide SMITH & TAYLOR 1945).
Etymology	Named after Arthur Schott. M. s. ruthveni was named after Alexander Grant Ruthven (1882-1971), American herpetologist.
References	Baird, S. F. and C. Girard. 1853. Catalogue of North American Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Part 1.-Serpents. Smithsonian Inst., Washington, xvi + 172 pp. - get paper here Bohannon, A M A; Rockett, H D & Forstner, M R J; 2019. Geographic Distribution: Masticophis schotti (Schott’s Whipsnake) USA: Texas: Guadalupe Co. Herpetological Review 50 (1): 107 - get paper here Camper J D. 1996. Masticophis schotti. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (638): 1-4 - get paper here Camper J D. Dixon J R. 1994. Geographic variation and systematics of the striped whipsnakes (Masticophis taeniatus complex; Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae). Annals of the Carnegie Museum 63 (1): 1-48. Carbajal-Márquez, Rubén Alonso 2019. NEW PREY ITEM IN THE DIET OF Masticophis schotti BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853 FROM SAN LUIS POTOSÍ, MEXICO. Rev. Latinoamer. Herp. 2 (2): 54-56 - get paper here Collins, J.T. and T. W. Taggart 2009. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Sixth Edition. Center for North American Herpetology, 48 pp. Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p. Cope, E.D. 1900. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Ann. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. 1898: 153-1270 - get paper here Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92 Cruz-Elizalde R, Ramírez-Bautista A, Pineda-López R, Mata-Silva V, DeSantis DL, García-Padilla E, Johnson JD, Rocha A, Fucsko LA, Wilson LD. 2022. The herpetofauna of Querétaro, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 16(1) [General Section]: 148–192 (e308) - get paper here Dixon, James R. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles of Texas, second edition. Texas A&M University Press, 421 pp. Dixon, James R. and Julio A. Lemos-Espinal 2010. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Queretaro, Mexico. Tlalnepantla UNAM, 428 pp. Fernández-Badillo, Leonardo, David R. Aguillón-Gutiérrez, Sharon Yedid Valdez-Rentería, Juan Alfonso Hernández-Melo, Cristian Raùl Olvera Olvera, Francisco Javier Callejas-Jiménez, Melisa Hernández-Ramos, José Carlos Iturbe-Morgado, Ferdinand Torres- 2016. First records for amphibians and reptiles from the municipality of Atotonilco el Grande, Hidalgo, México. Herpetological Review 47 (1): 91-93 - get paper here Fernández-Badillo, Leonardo & Irene Goyenechea-Mayer Goyenechea 2010. Anfibios y reptiles del valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo, México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 81: 705- 712 Fernández-Badillo, Leonardo; Norma Leticia Manríquez-Morán; Jesús Martín Castillo-Cerón & Irene Goyenechea 2016. Análisis herpetofaunístico de la zona árida del estado de Hidalgo. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 156–170 - get paper here Fugler, Charles M.;Webb, Robert G. 1956. Distributional notes on some reptiles and amphibians from southern and central Coahuila. Herpetologica 12: 167-171 - get paper here Gloyd, Howard K.;Conant, Roger 1934. The taxonomic status, range, and natural history of Schott's racer. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (287): 1-17 + 3 plates - get paper here Goldberg, S R & Bursey, C R; 2019. Masticophis schotti (Schott’s Whipsnake) Endoparasites. Herpetological Review 50 (3): 595-596 - get paper here Goldberg, S R; 2019. Masticophis schotti (Schott’s Whipsnake) Reproduction. Herpetological Review 50 (3): 596 - get paper here Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp Hernandez, T O; Herr, M W; Trevino, A E; Lazcano, D; Black, M & Graham, S P 2018. Geographic Distribution: Masticophis schotti (Schott's Whipsnake). Herpetological Review 49 (3): 506 - get paper here Lazcano D, Nevárez-de los Reyes M, García-Padilla E, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, DeSantis DL, Wilson LD. 2019. The herpetofauna of Coahuila, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13(2) [General Section]: 31–94 (e189) - get paper here Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Woolrich-Piña GA 2018. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 753: 83-106 - get paper here Lemos-Espinal, Julio A. and James R. Dixon 2013. Amphibians and Reptiles of San Luis Potosí. Eagle Mountain Publishing, xii + 300 pp. - get paper here Lemos-Espinal, Julio A., Geoffrey R. Smith 2015. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. Check List 11 (3): 1642 - get paper here Leyte-Manrique A, Mata-Silva V, Báez-Montes O, Fucsko LA, DeSantis DL, García-Padilla E, Rocha A, Johnson JD, Porras LW, Wilson LD. 2022. The herpetofauna of Guanajuato, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 16(2) [General Section: 133–180 (e321) - get paper here Myers, Edward A.; Jamie L. Burgoon, Julie M. Ray, Juan E. Martínez-Gómez, Noemí Matías- Ferrer, Daniel G. Mulcahy, and Frank T. Burbrink 2017. Coalescent Species Tree Inference of Coluber and Masticophis. Copeia 105 (4): 642-650 - get paper here Nevárez-de-los-Reyes, Manuel, David Lazcano, Elí García-Padilla, Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson and Larry David Wilson. 2016. The Herpetofauna of Nuevo León, Mexico: Composition, Distribution, and Conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (3): 558–638 - get paper here O'Connell, K. A., Streicher, J. W., Smith, E. N. and Fujita, M. K. 2017. Geographical features are the predominant driver of molecular diversification in widely distributed North American Whipsnakes. Mol Ecol. 26: 5729–5751 - get paper here Ortenburger, A.I. 1923. A note on the genera Coluber and Masticophis and a description of a new species of Masticophis. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan, No. 139: 1-14 - get paper here Parker W S 1982. Masticophis taeniatus (Hallowell). Striped whipsnake. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 304: 1-4 - get paper here Powell, Randy L.; Soto, M. Andres; Leidner, Michael L.; Austin, Wendy R. 2007. Masticophis schotti schotti (Schott’s Whipsnake). Maximum Size Record. Herpetological Review 38 (2): 208-209 - get paper here Roth-Monzón AJ, Mendoza-Hernández AA, Flores-Villela O. 2018. Amphibian and reptile biodiversity in the semi-arid region of the municipality of Nopala de Villagrán, Hidalgo, Mexico. PeerJ 6: e4202 - get paper here Shannon, Frederick A.;Smith, Hobart M. 1949. Herpetological results of the University of Illinois field expedition, Spring 1949. I. Introduction, Testudines, Serpentes. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 52 (4): 494-509 - get paper here Smith, H.M. 1941. Notes on Mexican snakes of the genus Masticophis. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 31 (9): 388-398 - get paper here Tennant, A. 2003. Snakes of North America - Eastern and Central Regions, revised edition. Lone Star Books, 605 pp. Tennant, A. & Bartlett, R.D. 2000. Snakes of North America - Eastern and Central Regions. Gulf Publishing, Houston, TX, 588 pp. Tepos-Ramírez M, Garduño-Fonseca FS, Peralta-Robles CA, García-Rubio OR, Cervantes Jiménez R 2023. Annotated checklist of amphibians and reptiles from Querétaro, Mexico, including new records, and comments on controversial species. Check List 19(2): 269-292 - get paper here Terán-Juárez, Sergio A., Elí García Padilla, Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson and Larry David Wilson. 2016. The herpetofauna of Tamaulipas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (1): 43–113 - get paper here Thornton, Okla W., Jr.;Smith, Jerry R. 1993. New county records of amphibians and reptiles from West-Central Texas. Herpetological Review 24 (1): 35-36 - get paper here Torres-Hernández, LA, Ramírez-Bautista A, Cruz-Elizalde R, Hernández-Salinas U, Berriozabal-Islas C, DeSantis DL, Johnson JD, Rocha A, García-Padilla E, Mata-Silva V, Fucsko LA, and Wilson LD. 2021. The herpetofauna of Veracruz, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2) [General Section]: 72–155 - get paper here Utiger, U.; Schatti, B. & Helfenberger, N. 2005. The oriental colubrine genus Coelognathus FITZINGER, 1843 and classification of old and new world racers and ratsnakes (Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae, Colubrinae). Russ. J. Herpetol. 12 (1): 39-60 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Werler, John E. & James R. Dixon 2000. Texas Snakes. University of Texas Press, 544 pages
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.zo.utexas.edu/research/txherps/snakes/ Google images

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