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Mesoamericus bilobatus (O'SHAUGHNESSY, 1874)

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Higher TaxaDiploglossidae, Diploglossa, Anguimorpha, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: O'Shaughnessy's Galliwasp
G: O'Shaughnessys Gallwespenschleiche 
SynonymCelestus bilobatus O'SHAUGHNESSY 1874: 257
Diploglossus bilobatus — BOCOURT 1874: 382
Diploglossus bilobatus — GÜNTHER 1885: 34
Diploglossus bilobatus — BOULENGER 1885: 286
Diploglossus bilobatus — TAYLOR 1956: 200
Diploglossus bilobatus — PETERS & DONOSO-BARROS 1970: 108
Diploglossus bilobatus — KRONAUER 1999
Diploglossus bilobatus — KÖHLER 2000: 36
Diplogossus bilobatus — HILJE et al. 2020 (in error)
Mesoamericus bilobatus — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021 
DistributionCosta Rica, Panama, Nicaragua

Type locality: Costa Rica.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesType: BMNH 1946.8.7.91 (and possibly additional specimens). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus Mesoamericus). Species of Mesoamericus gen. nov. have (1) claw sheath, present, (2) contact between the nasal and rostral scales, present, (3) scales in contact with the nasal scale, six, (4) postnasal scales, two, (5) position of the nostril in the nasal scale, posterior, (6) keels on dorsal body scales, absent, (7) digits per limb, five, (8) longest toe lamellae, 11–18, (9) dorsal scale rows, n/a (10) relative head width, 12.0–14.0, (11) relative rostral height, 65.0– 67.0, (12) relative frontonasal length, n/a, (13) relative interparietal distance, n/a, (14) relative axilla-groin distance, n/a. From Siderolamprus, we distinguish Mesoamericus gen. nov. by the claw sheath (present versus absent in Siderolamprus) and relative rostral height (65.0–67.0 versus 44.7–63.9) (Schools & Hedges 2021).


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CommentA picture is on the title page of LACERTA 50 (6) 1992: 193. Another one is in Elaphe 7 (4): 76, although it is erroneously labelled as “Celestus cyanochloris” (erratum in Elaphe 8 (1): 29).

Type species: Celestus bilobatus O'SHAUGHNESSY 1874: 257 is the type species of the genus Mesoamericus Schools & Hedges 2021. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin bi-, two + Latin lobus, a rounded projection or protuberance, lobe + Latin -atus, having the nature of. [“...Teeth conspicuously bilobated...”].

The genus was named after the region (Mesoamerica) where it occurs and is masculine in gender. 
References
  • Arias, Erick; Federico Bolaños 2014. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of San Isidro de Dota, Reserva Forestal Los Santos, Costa Rica. Check List 10 (4): 870-877 - get paper here
  • Barrio-Amorós, Cesar Luis, Michelle Quiroz, Cristian Porras-Ramírez, Rene Villanueva-Maldonado, Alejandro Estrada-García, Abel Batista 2023. Amphibians and reptiles encountered during an expedition to Panama. Reptiles & Amphibians 30 (1): e18359 - get paper here
  • Bocourt, M. E. 1874. Etudes sur les Reptiles. Mission Scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amérique Centrale. Recherches Zoologiques.Vol. 3 (sect. 1). Imprimerie Impériale, Paris. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Günther, A. C. L. G. 1885. Reptilia and Batrachia. Biologia Centrali-Américana. Taylor, & Francis, London, 326 pp. [published in parts from 1885-1902; reprint by the SSAR 1987] - get paper here
  • Hilje B, Chaves G, Klank J, Timmerman F, Feltham J, Gillingwater S, Piraino T, Rojas E 2020. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Tirimbina Biological Reserve: a baseline for conservation, research and environmental education in a lowland tropical wet forest in Costa Rica. Check List 16(6): 1633-1655 - get paper here
  • Köhler, G. 2000. Reptilien und Amphibien Mittelamerikas, Bd 1: Krokodile, Schildkröten, Echsen. Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach, 158 pp.
  • Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp.
  • Köhler, G.; Quintana, A.Z.; Buitrago, F. & Diethert H. 2004. New and noteworthy records of amphibians and reptiles from Nicaragua. Salamandra 40 (1): 15-24 - get paper here
  • Köhler, Gunther, Joseph Vargas, Johannes J. Köhler and Milan Vesel´y. 2013. Noteworthy distributional records of amphibians and reptiles from Costa Rica. Herpetological Review 44 (2): 280-283 - get paper here
  • Kronauer,D. 1999. Anmerkungen zur Herpetofauna Costa Ricas. Elaphe 7 (4): 76-77 [erratum in Elaphe 8 (1): 29]
  • Lotzkat, S., L. Stadler, A. Carrizo, A. Hertz & G. Köhler 2010. Notes on the eastenmost population of Diploglossus bilobatus (Squamata: Anguidae) in Veraguas, Panama. Salamandra 46 (1): 59-62 - get paper here
  • Myers, C.W. 1973. Anguid lizards of the genus Diploglossus in Panamá, with the description of a new species. American Museum Novitates (2523): 1-20 - get paper here
  • O’Shaughnessy, A.W.E. 1874. Description of a new species of lizard of the genus Celestus. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 13: 257-258 - get paper here
  • Peters, James A. & Donoso-Barros, Roberto 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part II. Lizards and Amphisbaenians. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 297: 293 pp. - get paper here
  • Rovito, Sean Michael; Thomas James Devitt, Susan Cameron Devitt 2015. First survey of the amphibians and reptiles of the Nectandra Cloud Forest Reserve, Alajuela, Costa Rica. Check List 11 (2): 1570 - get paper here
  • Santos-Barrera, Georgina; Jesus Pacheco, Fernando Mendoza-Quijano, Federico Bolaños,<br>Gerardo Cháves , Gretchen C. Daily, Paul R. Ehrlich & Gerardo Ceballos 2008. Diversity, natural history and conservation of amphibians and reptiles from the San Vito Region, southwestern Costa Rica. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 755-778 - get paper here
  • Savage, J.M. 2002. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna Between Two Continents, Between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, 934 pp. [review in Copeia 2003 (1): 205]
  • SCHOOLS, MOLLY & S. BLAIR HEDGES 2021. Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the Neotropical forest lizards (Squamata, Diploglossidae). Zootaxa 4974 (2): 201–257 - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier 2014. An updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1 (2): 186–202. - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier & José́ Gabriel Martínez-Fonseca 2023. An updated country checklist to the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. REVISTA NICARAGÜENSE DE BIODIVERSIDAD (100): 1-25 - get paper here
  • Taylor, E. H. 1956. A review of the lizards of Costa Rica. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 38 (part 1): 3-322 - get paper here
 
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