Diagnosis | Diagnosis (genus Bufocephala). A toadhead turtle of the family Chelidae distinguished by having a generally blackish head in adults (as.in M. gibba and B. heliostemma); a medium-sized head (as in R. rufipes and P. geoffroanus); a horizontal "bar" in the iris of the eye [= iris] (as in B. dahli and B. zuliae); nose pointed (as in all toadheads except the P. geoffroanus complex); small barbels (as in all toadheads but R. hogei, and the P. geoffroanus complex); parietal roof width moderate, as in no other toadhead; reduced neural series (as in all toadheads [R. hogei ?]but the P. geoffroanus complex and R. rufipes), but unique in having a usually discontiguous series, often with a first neural present, that does not touch the proneural; intergular wider than gulars (as in all toadheads but R. hogei, P. geoffroanus, B. tuberculata and B. heliostemma); plastral seam formula starts with IG>IF>Iab (as in B. dahli, B. raniceps, B. nasuta, B. heliostemma, and sometimes M. gibba and P. geoffroanus); the carapace is mildly domed (unique to B. vanderhaegei); no carapacial median keel (as in all toadheads but R. rufipes and M. gibba); carapacial median groove present in adults (as in all toadheads but R. rufipes and M. gibba); 11th marginals narrower than 12th (as in R. hogei, R. rufipes and M. gibba); the antero-medial distal tibial scale moderately developed (as in B. dahli and P. geoffroanus); the lateral marginal scutes upturned (as in all toadheads but R. rufipes and P. geoffroanus, but with Bufocephala the upturn is "sharp", as in M. gibba, R. hogei, B. dahli, B. zuliae and B. tuberculata); there is obvious narrowing of the lateral marginals of the carapace, a unique condition among toadheads; plastron generally black with yellow background (as in many M. gibba, and similar to that in B. raniceps, B. nasuta and B. heliostemma); axillary scutes absent in the Paraguayan population (as in R. rufipes, B. zuliae, and sometimes B. nasuta and B. dahli). The chelid foramen is present (Bour and Pauler 1987, MCord et al. 2001). |
References |
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