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Metlapilcoatlus indomitus (SMITH & FERRARI-CASTRO, 2008)

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymAtropoides indomitus E.N. SMITH & FERRARI-CASTRO 2008
Atropoides mexicanus — ESPINAL et al. in JOHNSON et al. 2001: 103
Atropoides mexicanus — WILSON et al. in JOHNSON et al. 2001 (part.)
Atropoides mexicanus — MARINEROS 2000: 143 (part.)
Atropoides mexicanus — CAMPBELL and LAMAR 2004: 281 (part)
Atropoides occiduus — CASTOE et al. 2005: 884
Atropoides indomitus — JADIN et al. 2009
Atropoides indomitus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 85
Metlapilcoatlus indomitus — CAMPBELL et al. 2019
Metlapilcoatlus indomitus — MARTÍNEZ-FONSECA et al. 2024 
DistributionHonduras (Sierra de Botaderos and La Muralla), Nicaragua

Type locality: near the edge of Quebrada de Botaderos, Montaña de Botaderos, Departamento de Colón, Honduras, 670 m elevation (15°26’03.4” N, 86°08’37.3” W).  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: UTA R-52952, an adult male, The University of Texas at Arlington, collected between 17 and 22 May 2002 by J. A. Ferrari-Castro. Paratype: USNM. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (from abstract): The new species is easily distinguished from all other members of the genus, except A. picadoi from Costa Rica and Panama, by possessing more ventral scales (140 vs. 3–138). This new species differs from A. picadoi in being relatively small, less than 600 mm in total length (vs. reaching > 750 mm), having the posterior third of the body venter heavily melanized (vs. more than 50%), less than 50% of the underside of the tail melanized, and the postorbital stripe covering more than 50% of only one or two scales from the first temporal row and covering completely only the last scale of the row, at most (vs. 3–4 more than 50% melanized and the last two scales in the row usually completely melanized). In addition to morphological characters, molecular evidence also differentiates this new species from the other species of Atropoides (as recognized by Castoe et al. 2005). Using mitochondrial gene sequence data, they found the new species described herein to represent the sister species of A. occiduus, with 5.7 % sequence divergence separating these two taxa.


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CommentVenomous!

Conservation: one of the 30 most endangered viper species (Maritz et al. 2016).

Distribution: For a map of localities see Tepos-Ramírez et al. 2021: Fig. 1. 
Etymologyfrom the Latin adjective indomitabilis, meaning “that which can not be conquered.” This name is given for two reasons: to honor Hondurans, who maintain a strong spirit, despite extreme hardships, and to credit the project “Honduras Indomita” that lead to the discovery of this species. 
References
  • Campbell, Jonathan A. and William W. Lamar 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere, 2 vols. Comstock (Cornell University Press), Ithaca, NY, 962 pp. [review in Science 305: 182]
  • Campbell, Jonathan; Darrel R. Frost and Todd A. Castoe 2019. A NEW GENERIC NAME FOR JUMPING PITVIPERS (SERPENTES: VIPERIDAE). Rev. Latinoamer. Herp. 2 (2): 52-53 - get paper here
  • Castoe, Todd A.; Mahmood M. Sasa and Christopher L. Parkinson 2005. Modeling nucleotide evolution at the mesoscale: The phylogeny of the Neotropical pitvipers of the Porthidium group (Viperidae: Crotalinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37 (3): 881-898 - get paper here
  • Jadin, Robert C.; Ronald L. Gutberlet Jr and Eric N. Smith 2010. Phylogeny, evolutionary morphology, and hemipenis descriptions of the Middle American jumping pitvipers (Serpentes: Crotalinae: Atropoides). J Zool Syst Evol Res 48(4): 360–365; doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2009.00559.x - get paper here
  • Johnson, J.D., Webb, R., & Flores-Villela, O. (Ed.) 2001. Mesoamerican Herpetology: Systematics, Zoogeography, and Conservation. Centennial Museum, Special Publication No. 1, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
  • López, L. G. Z., & Paz, M. A. 2021. First Data of Reproductive Biology of Metlapilcoatlus indomitus (Serpentes: Viperidae) in Captivity. Caribbean Journal of Science, 51(1), 92-100 - get paper here
  • Marineros, Leonel 2000. Guia de las Serpientes de Honduras. Tegucigalpa, M.D.C., 252 pp.
  • Maritz, Bryan; Johannes Penner, Marcio Martins, Jelka Crnobrnja-Isailović, Stephen Spear, Laura R.V. Alencar, Jesús Sigala-Rodriguez, Kevin Messenger, Rulon W. Clark, Pritpal Soorae, Luca Luiselli, Chris Jenkins, Harry W. Greene 2016. Identifying global priorities for the conservation of vipers. Biological Conservation, doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.004 - get paper here
  • Martínez-Fonseca JG, Holmes IA, Sunyer J, Westeen EP, Grundler MR, Cerda PA, Fernández-Mena MA, Loza-Molina JC, Monagan IV Jr., Nondorf D, Pandelis GG, Rabosky ARD 2023. A collection and analysis of amphibians and reptiles from Nicaragua with new country and departmental records. Check List 20(1): 58-125 - get paper here
  • McCranie J R 2011. The snakes of Honduras. SSAR, Salt Lake City, 725 pp.
  • McCranie, James R. 2015. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with additions, comments on taxonomy, some recent taxonomic decisions, and areas of further studies needed. Zootaxa 3931 (3): 352–386 - get paper here
  • Medina-Flores, Melissa, Jorge Luis Murillo and Josiah H. Townsend. 2016. Geographic Distribution: Atropoides indomitus (Honduran Jumping Pitviper). Herpetological Review 47 (2): 261 - get paper here
  • Smith, E.N. & Ferrari-Castro, J.A. 2008. A new species of jumping pitviper of the genus Atropoides (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from the Sierra de Botaderos and the Sierra La Muralla, Honduras. Zootaxa 1948: 57–68 - get paper here
  • Solís, J. M., M. R. Espinal, E. Wostl, J. M. Mora, L. G. Zuniga, and J. Bonilla. 2017. New distribution and habitat records for Atropoides indomitus (Serpentes: Viperidae), a Honduran endemic. Honduras, Francisco Morazán, Choluteca. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(4): 988–992 - get paper here
  • Solís, J. M., L. D. Wilson, and J. H. Townsend. 2014. An updated list of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with comments on their nomenclature. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1: 123–144 - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier & José́ Gabriel Martínez-Fonseca 2023. An updated country checklist to the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. REVISTA NICARAGÜENSE DE BIODIVERSIDAD (100): 1-25 - get paper here
  • Tepos-Ramírez, Mauricio; Oscar Flores-Villela, Julián A. Velasco, Carlos Pedraza Lara, Oscar R. García Rubio & Robert C. Jadin 2021. Molecular Phylogenetics and Morphometrics Reveal a New Endemic Jumping Pitviper (Serpentes: Viperidae: Metlapilcoatlus) from the Sierra Madre Oriental of Mexico. Journal of Herpetology 55 (2): 181-191 - get paper here
  • VAN DEN BERGHE, E., A. RAMOS, AND J. H. TOWNSEND 2020. Geographic Distribution: Metlapilcoatlus indomitus (Honduran Jumping Pitviper). Honduras: Francisco Morazán: Municipality Of San Antonio De Oriente. Herpetological Review 51: 546-547.
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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