Metlapilcoatlus olmec (PÉREZ-HIGAREDA, SMITH & JULIÁ-ZERTUCHE, 1985)

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Higher Taxa	Viperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Olmecan Pit Viper S: Mano de Piedra
Synonym	Porthidium olmec PÉREZ-HIGAREDA, SMITH & JULIA-ZERTUCHE 1985 Atropoides olmec — WERMAN 1992 Atropoides olmec — LINER 1994 Bothrops olmec Porthidium olmec — WELCH 1994: 101 Atropoides olmec — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 241 Atropoides olmec — JADIN et al. 2009 Atropoides olmec — WALLACH et al. 2014: 85 Metlapilcoatlus olmec — CAMPBELL et al. 2019
Distribution	Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, S Veracruz: Sierra de los Tuxtlas), Guatemala Type locality: crest of Cerro Egega, 1100 m elevation, municipality of Catemaco.
Reproduction	ovoviviparous
Types	Holotype: CAR-EBTT (= IBH-LT = UNAM-LT) 1300.
Diagnosis	Diagnosis: A member of the nummifer superspecles of Porthidium, dlfferlng from all other members In a lower number of ventrals (103-115 vs. 120-155); and from all except P. picadoi by a hlgher number of anterIor scale rows (27-28 vs. 21-25) [PEREZ-HIGAREDA et al. 1985].
Comment	Venomous! A. olmec appears to be paraphyletic with respect to A. nummifer (CASTOE et al. 2003). The situation could be resolved by relegating olmect to subspecis status of A. nummifer or by raising some of the subspecies of nummifer to species status. However, CASTOE et al. 2003 refrained from suggesting any taxonomic rearrangements until additional data becomes available. Habitat: terrestrial Distribution: For a map of localities see Tepos-Ramírez et al. 2021: Fig. 1.
Etymology	named after the ancient Olmec tribe of southern Veracruz.
References	Aguilar-López JL, Luría-Manzano R, Pineda E, Canseco-Márquez L 2021. Selva Zoque, Mexico: an important Mesoamerican tropical region for reptile species diversity and conservation. ZooKeys 1054: 127-153 - get paper here Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 1989. The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Comstock Publishing/Cornell University Press, Ithaca Campbell, Jonathan; Darrel R. Frost and Todd A. Castoe 2019. A NEW GENERIC NAME FOR JUMPING PITVIPERS (SERPENTES: VIPERIDAE). Rev. Latinoamer. Herp. 2 (2): 52-53 - get paper here García-Padilla, E., Mata-Silva, V., Villalobos-Juárez, I., López-Esquivel, E. A., Lavariega, M. C., Rocha, A., DeSantis, D. L., Melgar-Martínez, A. I., Johnson, J. D., Fucsko, L. A., Lazcano, D., & Wilson, L. D. 2022. Anfibios y reptiles de la región de los Chimalapas, Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, México:: composición, categorización distribucional, estado de conservación y significado para la biodiversidad. Biología Y Sociedad, 5(10), 37–76 - get paper here Guerra Centeno, Dennis; Héctor Fuentes Rousselin & David Morán Villatoro 2012. Serpientes de Guatemala: Guía para didentificación de especies. Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, 186 pp. Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp Jadin, Robert C.; Ronald L. Gutberlet Jr and Eric N. Smith 2010. Phylogeny, evolutionary morphology, and hemipenis descriptions of the Middle American jumping pitvipers (Serpentes: Crotalinae: Atropoides). J Zool Syst Evol Res 48(4): 360–365; doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2009.00559.x - get paper here Johnson, Jerry D.; Vicente Mata-Silva, Elí García Padilla, and Larry David Wilson 2015. The Herpetofauna of Chiapas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (3): 272–329. - get paper here Mata-Silva, Vicente, Jerry D. Johnson, Larry David Wilson and Elí García-Padilla. 2015. The herpetofauna of Oaxaca, Mexico: composition, physiographic distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 6–62 - get paper here McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp. Muñoz-Alonso, Luis Antonio; Jorge Nieblas-Camacho,<br />Marina Alba Chau-Cortez, Alondra Berenice González-Navarro, Jaime López-Pérez & Juan Pérez-López 2017. Diversidad de anfibios y reptiles en la Reservade la Biosfera Selva El Ocote: su vulnerabilidad ante la fragmentación y el cambio climático. In: Lorena Ruiz-Montoya et al. (eds), Vulnerabilidad social y biológica ante el cambio climático en la Reserva de la Biosfera Selva El Ocote. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, pp.395-448 - get paper here Perez-Higareda G; Smith H M; Julia-Zertuche J 1985. A new jumping viper, Porthidium olmec, from southern Veracruz, Mexico (Serpentes: Viperidae). Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 21 (3): 97-106 - get paper here Tepos-Ramírez, Mauricio; Oscar Flores-Villela, Julián A. Velasco, Carlos Pedraza Lara, Oscar R. García Rubio & Robert C. Jadin 2021. Molecular Phylogenetics and Morphometrics Reveal a New Endemic Jumping Pitviper (Serpentes: Viperidae: Metlapilcoatlus) from the Sierra Madre Oriental of Mexico. Journal of Herpetology 55 (2): 181-191 - get paper here Torres-Hernández, LA, Ramírez-Bautista A, Cruz-Elizalde R, Hernández-Salinas U, Berriozabal-Islas C, DeSantis DL, Johnson JD, Rocha A, García-Padilla E, Mata-Silva V, Fucsko LA, and Wilson LD. 2021. The herpetofauna of Veracruz, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2) [General Section]: 72–155 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Werman,S.D. 1992. Phylogenetic relationships of Central and South American pitvipers of the genus Bothrops (sensu lato): cladistic analyses of biochemical and anatomical characters. In: J.A. Campbell and E.D. Brodie (eds.): Biology of the Pitvipers. Selva, Tyler, Texas, pp. 21-40
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information Google images

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