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Microauris aurantolabium (KRISHNAN, 2008)

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Higher TaxaAgamidae (Draconinae), Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Orange-lippedforest lizard 
SynonymCalotes aurantolabium KRISHNAN 2008
Calotes andamanensis ISHWAR & DAS 1998 (part)
Microauris aurantolabium — PAL et al. 2018: 440 
DistributionIndia (Western Ghats)

Type locality: Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve Tamil Nadu, India.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: BNHS (was BNHM) 1436, Bombay Natural History Society 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus). Microauris gen.nov. differs from all other members of draconinae lizards from the Indian subcontinent in having the smallest tympanum. Microauris gen.nov. differs from Mantheyus phuwuanensis by the absence of femoral pores (Manthey & Nabhitabhata, 1991; Ananjeva & Stuart 2001); from the members of the genus Bronchocela by the absence of a fold of skin from angle of jaw to shoulder (Hallermann & Böhme 2000). Microauris gen. nov. can be easily diagnosed from the genera Otocryptis, Sarada and Sitana by the presence of a well-developed fifth toe (Smith, 1935; Deepak et al, 2016); from Cophotis, Ceratophora, Lyriocephalus, Ptyctolaemus, Phoxophrys, Japalura otai, J. planidorsata, J. sagittifera and Otocryptis by the presence of external tympanum (Boulenger, 1885; Smith, 1935; Inger, 1960; Pethiyagoda & Manamendra-Arachchi 1998; Schulte II et al. 2004; Bahir & Silva 2005; Manamendra-Arachchi et al. 2006; Samarawickrama et al. 2006). Microauris gen. nov. can be diagnosed from other members of genus Japalura by the absence of heterogenous dorsal scales and short and thick nuchal scales; from Salea by the absence of enlarged plate like scales between the eye and tympanum (Smith, 1935). Microauris gen. nov. can be diagnosed from the members of Psammophilus and Monilesaurus by the absence of a well developed antehumeral fold. Microauris gen. nov. can be diagnosed from Complictus nigrigularis, Hypsicalotes kinabaulensis, Malayadracon robinsonii, Oriocalotes, Pseudocophotis and Pseudocalotes by the absence of enlarged row of suborbital scales (Smith, 1935; Taylor 1963; Ota & Hikida, 1991; Manthey & Denzer 1992; Inger & Steubing 1994; Ota & Hikida, 1996; Hallermann & Böhme 2000; Manthey & Denzer, 2000; Hallermann & McGuire 2001; Leong 2001; Manamendra-Arachchi et al. 2006; Samarawickrama et al. 2006; Ananjeva et al. 2007; Hallermann & Böhme 2007; Das & Lakim 2008; Hallermann et al. 2010; Mahony 2010; Harvey et al. 2014; Denzer et al. 2015; Grismer LL et al. 2016; Harvey et al. 2017).
Microauris gen.nov. can be distinguished from the members of the genus Calotes (C. bachae, C. bhutanensis, C. calotes, C. ceylonensis, C. chincollium, C. desilvai, C. emma, C. grandisquamis, C. hutunwini, C. irawadi, C. jerdoni, C. liocephalus, C. liolepis, C. versicolor, C. manamendrai, C. maria, C. medgoensis, C. minor, C. mystaceus, C. nemoricola, C. nigrilabris, C. nigriplicatus and C. pethiyagodai) and Lophocalotes (Günther, 1872) in having the smallest tympanum (Hardwicke & Gray, 1827; Duméril and Bibron, 1837; Gray, 1845; Jerdon, 1854; Günther, 1864; Günther, 1870, Günther, 1872, Günther, 1875; Boulenger, 1885; Biswas, 1975; Zhao & Li, 1984; Hallerman, 2000; Vindum et al. 2003; Hallerman et al. 2004; Bahir & Maduwage, 2005; Zug et al. 2006; Manthey, 2008; Krishnan, 2008; Hartmann et al. 2013; Amarasinghe et al. 2014a,b; Deepak et al. 2015).


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CommentType species: Calotes aurantolabium KRISHNAN 2008 is the type species of the genus Microauris PAL et al. 2018.

Conservation: very rare species, known from only a few specimens, all of which are female (Pal et al. 2018). 
EtymologyThe specific epithet is derived from the Neo-Latin aurantium, meaning golden, and the Latin labium, meaning lip, in reference to the orange upper lip.

The genus name is derived by adding the word ‘Micro’ as a prefix to the Latin word ‘auris’ meaning ear, referring to the extremely small tympanum of this genus. 
References
  • ANANJEVA, N. B. & STUART. B.L. 2001. The agamid lizard Ptyctolaemus phuwuanensis MANTHEY AND NABHITABHATA, 1991 from Thailand and Laos represents a new genus. Russ. J. Herpetol. 8 (3): 165-170 - get paper here
  • Ananjeva, Natalia B;Nikolai L. Orlov, Quang Truong Nguyen and Roman A. Nazarov. 2007. A new species of Pseudocophotis (Agamidae: Acrodonta: Lacertilia: Reptilia) from central Vietnam. Russ. J. Herpetol. 14 (2):153-160 - get paper here
  • Bahir, M.M. & A. Silva 2005. Otocryptis nigristigma, a new species of agamid lizard from Sri Lanka. Raffles Bull. Zool., Suppl. No. 12: 393-406 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. London: 450 pp. - get paper here
  • Das, I. Lakim, M. 2008. A second specimen of Complicitus nigrigularis (Ota & Hikida, 1991). Hamadryad 32 (1): 71-73 - get paper here
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  • HARVEY, MICHAEL B.; KYLE SHANEY, AMIR HAMIDY, NIA KURNIAWAN, ERIC N. SMITH 2017. A new species of Pseudocalotes (Squamata: Agamidae) from the Bukit Barisan Range of Sumatra with an Estimation of its phylogeny. Zootaxa 4276 (2): 215–232 - get paper here
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