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Micruroides euryxanthus (KENNICOTT, 1860)

IUCN Red List - Micruroides euryxanthus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesMicruroides euryxanthus australis ZWEIFEL & NORRIS 1955
Micruroides euryxanthus euryxanthus (KENNICOTT 1860)
Micruroides euryxanthus neglectus ROZE 1967 
Common NamesE: Western Coral Snake
euryxanthus: Arizona Coral Snake
G: Arizona-Korallenotter
S: Coralilo Occidental 
SynonymElaps euryxanthus KENNICOTT 1860: 337
Elaps euryxanthus — GARMAN 1884: 107
Elaps euryxanthus — COPE 1900: 1125
Micruroides euryxanthus — SCHMIDT 1928
Micruroides euryxanthus — CLIFF 1954
Micruroides euryxanthus — STEBBINS 1985: 222
Micruroides euryxanthus — LINER 1994
Micruroides euryxanthus — ERNST & ERNST 2003: 454
Micruroides euryxanthus — CROTHER et al. 2012
Micruroides euryxanthus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 440

Micruroides euryxanthus australis ZWEIFEL & NORRIS 1955: 238
Micruroides euryxanthus australis ZWEIFEL & NORRIS 1955
Micruroides euryxanthus australis — TANNER 1985: 661
Micruroides euryxanthus australis — WELCH 1994: 77
Micruroides euryxanthus australis — REYES et al. 2014

Micruroides euryxanthus euryxanthus (KENNICOTT 1860)
Elaps euryxanthus KENNICOTT 1860
Micruroides euryxanthus euryxanthus — WELCH 1994: 77
Micruroides euryxanthus euryxanthus — CROTHER 2000: 66

Micruroides euryxanthus neglectus ROZE 1967
Micruroides euryxanthus neglectus ROZE 1967
Micruroides euryxanthus neglectus — HARDY 1969: 210
Micrurus euryxanthus neglectus — WEBB 1984
Micruroides euryxanthus neglectus — WELCH 1994: 77 
DistributionUSA (Arizona, SW New Mexico),
Mexico (Sonora, Sinaloa, Jalisco, Nayarit)

euryxanthus: USA (Arizona, New Mexico), Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora); Type locality: Sonora.

australis: Mexico (SW Chihuahua, S Sonora, N Sinaloa); Type locality: "Guirocoba, Sonora, Mexico."

neglectus: Mexico (north of Mazatlan, Sinaloa); Type locality: "Sixteen and three tenth miles north-northwest of Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico."  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 1122
Holotype: MVZ 50839, adult male; paratypes: MVZ, AMNH [australis]
Holotype: UMMZ 114637, adult male [neglectus] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2637 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Morphological and biochemical evidence for the separation of Micruroides and Micrurus was presented by SLOWINSKI (1995). See also Silva et al. 2016: 54.

Type species: Elaps euryxanthus KENNICOTT 1860: 337 is the type species of the genus Micruroides SCHMIDT 1928. 
EtymologyNamed after Greek “eurys” = broad or wide and Greek “xanthos” = yellow, in reference to the red and orange striping.

The genus name refers to the taxon's similarity to the genus Micrurus by the Greek termination -oides, meaning like or in shape of; its gender is masculine. 
References
  • Babb, R D & Brennan, T C 2018. Micruroides euryxanthus (Sonoran Coralsnake). Herpetological Review 49 (3): 550 - get paper here
  • Bezy, R. L., P. C. Rosen, T. R. Van Devender, and E. F. Enderson. 2017. Southern distributional limits of the Sonoran Desert herpetofauna along the mainland coast of northwestern Mexico. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(1): 138–167 - get paper here
  • Bezy, Robert L. and Charles J. Cole 2014. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Madrean Archipelago of Arizona and New Mexico. American Museum Novitates (3810): 1-24 - get paper here
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  • Cochran, Chip and Duerre, Doug 2016. Geographic Distribution: Micruroides euryxanthus (Sonoran Coralsnake). Herpetological Review 47 (4): 630-631 - get paper here
  • Cole, Charles J. C 2021. Karyotypes of Coralsnakes (Reptilia: Elapidae) from the Western Hemisphere, with Comments on Intraspecific Variation and Centric Fission of Chromosomes. American Museum Novitates (3972): 1-8 - get paper here
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  • Dávalos-Martínez, Aldo; Daniel Cruz-Sáenz, Jorge Antonio Najar-Sánchez, Francisco Javier Muñoz-Nolasco 2019. A new southern-most record of the Sonoran Coralsnake, Micruroides euryxanthus Kennicott, 1860, (Squamata: Elapidae) from the state of Jalisco, Mexico. Herpetology Notes 12: 681-683 - get paper here
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  • Meik, Jesse M.; Smith, Eric N.; Hernandez, Andres Alberto Mendoza. 2007. Rediscovery of the rare coralsnake Micruroides euryxanthus neglectus (Serpentes: Elapidae). Herpetological Review 38 (3): 293-294 - get paper here
  • Nevárez-de los Reyes; Manuel, David Lazcano, Javier Banda-Leal and Ian Recchio 2014. Notes on Mexican Herpetofauna 22: Herpetofauna of the Continental Portion of the Municipality of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 49(8):105-115 - get paper here
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  • Salcido-Rodríguez, Israel; Francisco Isaac Hernández-Valadez , Adriana Elizabeth Castillo-Franco , Daniel Cruz-Sáenz , Edgar Emmanuel Hernández-Juárez , David Lazcano , Lydia Allison Fucsko and Larry David Wilson 2023. Notes on the Herpetofauna of Western Mexico 31: Herpetofauna from Sierra de Tesistán, Zapopan,. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 58(10):165-171 - get paper here
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  • Vitt, L.J. & A.C. Hulse 1973. Observations on Feeding Habits and Tail Display of the Sonoran Coral Snake, Micruroides euryxanthus Herpetologica 29 (4): 302-304. - get paper here
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  • Woolrich-Piña, Guillermo A, Paulino Ponce-Campos, Jesús Loc-Barragán, Juan Pablo Ramírez-Silva, Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson, Elí García-Padilla and Larry David Wilson. 2016. The herpetofauna of Nayarit, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (2): 376-448 - get paper here
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