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Micrurus multifasciatus (JAN, 1858)

IUCN Red List - Micrurus multifasciatus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesMicrurus multifasciatus multifasciatus (JAN 1858)
Micrurus multifasciatus hertwigi (WERNER 1896) 
Common NamesE: Gargantilla, Many-banded Coral Snake
E: Panama gargantilla [multifasciatus]
E: Costa Rican gargantilla [hertwigi] 
SynonymElaps multifasciatus JAN 1858: 521
Micrurus mipartitus multifasciatus — ROZE 1955: 467
Micrurus mipartitus multifasciatus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 214
Micrurus multifasciatus multifasciatus — WELCH 1994: 87
Micrurus multifasciatus — JARAMILLO et al. 2010
Micrurus multifasciatus — SUNYER & MARTÍNEZ-FONSECA 2023

Micrurus multifasciatus hertwigi (WERNER 1896)
Elaps hertwigi WERNER 1896: 354
Micrurus mipartitus hertwigi — ROZE 1967: 37
Micrurus mipartitus hertwigi — VILLA 1972
Micrurus mipartitus hertwigi — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 214
Micrurus multifasciatus hertwigi — WELCH 1994: 87 
DistributionNicaragua, N/E Costa Rica, N/C Panama (pacific lowlands)

multifasciatus: C Panama; Type locality: unknown.

hertwigi: Atlantic slopes of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; Type locality: unknown (”Central America”)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: lost, originally in Milan Museum; destroyed and lost during World War II, probably a female from Central America.
Holotype: ZSM 2268/0 (formerly ZSBS) 22680, a female from Central America [hertwigi] 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 2204 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy: partly after PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970. Some authors regard M. mipartitus and M. multifasciatus as the same species (e.g. SAVAGE 2002: 713 and WALLACH et al. 2014: 450). See also entry for multifasciatus.

Venomous!

Distribution: not in Colombia fide Bernal (2025) and IUCN. 
EtymologyLatin from multi meaning many and fascia meaning a band; multifasciatus is the one covered with many bands.

M. m. hertwigi was named after Wilhelm A. O. Hertwig, a notable German biologist at the Munich Museum at the turn of the century. 
References
  • Bernal, R. 2025. Serpientes de Colombia-Guía de Campo. Serie de Guías Tropicales de Campo. 19: 396 pp. Conservación Internacional Colombia, Bogotá - get paper here
  • Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 1989. The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Comstock Publishing/Cornell University Press, Ithaca
  • Castro-Herrera, F. & Vargas-Salinas, F. 2008. Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Biota Colombiana 9 (2): 251 - 277 - get paper here
  • Fuentes, Rogemif; Aschcroft, Jesse; Erick Barría, Helio Quintero-Arrieta, Alexis Baules, Abel Batista, Eduardo Zambrano, Marcos Ponce 2023. Herpetological diversity in forests of Portobelo National Park, Colón Biological Corridor, Panama. Reptiles & Amphibians 30 (1): e18434 - get paper here
  • Hilje B, Chaves G, Klank J, Timmerman F, Feltham J, Gillingwater S, Piraino T, Rojas E 2020. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Tirimbina Biological Reserve: a baseline for conservation, research and environmental education in a lowland tropical wet forest in Costa Rica. Check List 16(6): 1633-1655 - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1858. Plan d'une iconographie descriptive des ophidiens et description sommaire de nouvelles espèces des serpents. Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris (2) 10: 438-449, 514-527 - get paper here
  • Peters, James A.; Donoso-Barros, Roberto & Orejas-Miranda, Braulio 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part I Snakes. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 297: 347 pp. - get paper here
  • Porras, L.W. & Solórzano, A. 2006. Die Schlangen Costa Ricas. Reptilia (Münster) 11 (61): 20-27 - get paper here
  • Porras, L.W. & Solórzano, A. 2006. Costa Rica’s venomous snakes. Reptilia (GB) (48): 11-17 - get paper here
  • Ray, Julie M. and Patty Ruback 2015. Updated checklists of snakes for the provinces of Panamá and Panamá Oeste, Republic of Panama. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (2): 168-188 - get paper here
  • Roze, J.A. 1955. Revision de las corales (Serpentes: Elapidae) de Venezuela. Acta Biol. Venezuel. 1: 454-498
  • Roze, Jánis A 1967. A checklist of the New World venomous Coral Snakes (Elapidae), with descriptions of new forms. American Museum Novitates (2287): 1-60 - get paper here
  • Sasa, M., Arias, E., & Chaves, G. 2025. Annotated list of amphibians and reptiles of Costa Rica: The role of the Museum of Zoology in cataloging the country’s herpetological diversity. Revista de Biología Tropical, 73(S2): e64536-e64536 - get paper here
  • Silva Jr, Nelson Jorge da; Marcus Augusto Buononato & Darlan Tavares Feitosa 2016. AS COBRAS-CORAIS DO NOVO MUNDO. In: Silva (ed) Cobras corais do Brasil. Goiânia, pp. 41-69
  • Sunyer, Javier 2014. An updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1 (2): 186–202. - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier & José́ Gabriel Martínez-Fonseca 2023. An updated country checklist to the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. REVISTA NICARAGÜENSE DE BIODIVERSIDAD (100): 1-25 - get paper here
  • Valencia-Zuleta A, Jaramillo-Martínez AF, Echeverry-Bocanegra A, Viáfara-Vega R, Hernández-Córdoba O, Cardona-Botero VE, Gutiérrez-Zúñiga J, Castro-Herrera F. 2014. Conservation status of the herpetofauna, protected areas, and current problems in Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 8 (2): 1–18 (e87) - get paper here
  • Villa,J. 1972. Un coral (Micrurus) blanco y negro de Costa Rica. Brenesia 1: 10-13.
  • Werner, F. 1896. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Reptilien und Batrachier von Centralamerika und Chile, sowie einiger seltenerer Schlangenarten. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich— Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 46: 344—365 - get paper here
 
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