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Micrurus dumerilii JAN, 1858

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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesMicrurus dumerilii antioquiensis SCHMIDT 1936
Micrurus dumerilii carinicauda SCHMIDT 1936
Micrurus dumerilii colombianus (GRIFFIN 1916)
Micrurus dumerilii dumerilii (JAN 1858)
Micrurus dumerilii transandinus SCHMIDT 1936
Micrurus dumerilii venezuelensis ROZE 1989 
Common NamesE: Capuchin coral snake
E: Common capuchin coral snake [dumerilii]
E: Antioquian coral snake [antioquiensis]
E: Intermediate capuchin coral snake [carinicaudus]
E: Santa Marta capuchin coral snake [colombianus]
E: Transandean coral snake [transandinus]
E: Venezuelan capuchin coral snake [venezuelensis] 
SynonymMicrurus dumerilii dumerilii (JAN 1858)
Elaps dumerilii JAN 1858: 522
Micrurus dumerilii — SCHMIDT 1955
Micrurus dumerilii dumerilii — WELCH 1994: 81
Micrurus dumerilii dumerilii — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004: 167
Micrurus dumerilii — WALLACH et al. 2014: 445

Micrurus dumerilii antioquiensis (SCHMIDT 1936)
Micrurus antioquiensis SCHMIDT 1936
Micrurus carinicauda antioquiensis SCHMIDT 1936
Micrurus carinicaudus antioquiensis — SCHMIDT 1955
Micrurus dumerilii antioquiensis — WELCH 1994: 81
Micrurus dumerilii antioquiensis — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004: 167

Micrurus dumerilii carinicauda (K.P. SCHMIDT 1936)
Micrurus carinicauda SCHMIDT 1936
Micrurus carinicauda — LAURENT 1949: 16
Micrurus carinicauda — BURGER 1955
Micrurus dumerilii carinicauda — WELCH 1994: 81
Micrurus dumerilii carinicaudus — KORNACKER 1999: 152
Micrurus dumerilii carinicauda — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004: 167
Micrurus carinicauda carinicauda — GEMEL et al. 2019

Micrurus dumerili colombianus (GRIFFIN 1916)
Elaps colombianus GRIFFIN 1916: 216
Micrurus dumerilii colombianus — WELCH 1994: 81
Micrurus dumerilii colombianus — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004: 167

Micrurus dumerilii transandinus (SCHMIDT,1936)
Micrurus transandinus SCHMIDT 1936
Micrurus transandinus — LAURENT 1949: 16
Micrurus carinicaudus transandinus — SCHMIDT 1955
Micrurus carinicaudus transandinus — PETERS 1960
Micrurus dumerilii transandinus — WELCH 1994: 81
Micrurus dumerilii transandinus — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004: 167
Micrurus dumerilii transandinus — SILVA et al. 2016

Micrurus dumerili venezuelensis ROZE 1989: 7
Micrurus dumerilii venezuelensis — WELCH 1994: 81
Micrurus dumerilii venezuelensis — KORNACKER 1999: 153
Micrurus dumerilii venezuelensis — BARRIO-AMOROS et al. 2003
Micrurus dumerilii venezuelensis — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004: 167 
DistributionNW Venezuela, N/W Colombia (incl. Valle del Cauca), N Ecuador, SE Panama

dumerilii: Colombia (Magdalena River region to Norte de Santander); Type locality: "Colombie Carthagène” [= Cartagena, extreme northern Bolívar Department, Colombia, 10˚25'N, 75˚32'W].

antioquiensis: Colombia (Cauca Valley); Type locality: Santa Rita, north of Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia.

carinicauda: N Venezuela (Mérida [HR 32: 279]) west to Colombia (Norte de Santander); Type locality: Orope, Estado Táchira, Venezuela.

colombianus: N Colombia; Type locality: Minca, Colombia

transandinus: Colombia (Choco), Ecuador (west of Andes); Type locality: Andagoya, Choco, Colombia.

venezuelensis: NC Venezuela (Cordillera de la Costa); Type locality: El Valle, Distrito Federal, Venezuela.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MNHN-RA 3923, a 660 mm male (coll. Barrot)
Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.17.23 [antioquiensis]
Holotype: FMNH 2587 [carinicauda]
Holotype: CM 197 [colombianus]
Holotype: AMNH 59392 [venezuelensis]
Holotype: MCZ 32744 [transandinus]
Holotype: FMNH 2587 [carinicaudus] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (8831 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSubspecies and distribution after WELCH 1994, updated after CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004.

Venomous!

Subspecies: for a key to the subspecies see Roze 1996: 163. 
EtymologyNamed after Auguste M. C. Dumeril, one of the great French herpetologists of the last century.
The name antioquiensis denotes its presence in Antioquia, Colombia.
M. d. carinicaudus is named after Latin carina meaning a keel and cauda meaning tail; the keeled-tail (snake), denoting the presence of supraanal keels or tubercles in males.
The name colombianus denotes its exclusive presence in Colombia.
The name transandinus denotes its transandean distribution; Latin transandinus meaning inhabitant of regions across or "on the other side or beyond" the Andes.
M. d. venezuelensis denotes its presence in Venezuela. 
References
  • BARRIO A., C. L. 2001. Geographic distribution. Serpentes: Micrurus dumerilii carinicauda. Herpetological Review 32(4):279 - get paper here
  • Barrio Amorós, César Luis and Daniel Calcaño 2003. First record of Micrurus lemniscatus (Linnaeus, 1758) from western Venezuela with comments on coral snakes from the eastern Andean piedmont (Squamata: Serpentes: Elapidae). Herpetozoa 16 (1/2):73-78 - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Burger, W.L. 1955. A new subspecies of the coral snake Micrurus lemniscatus from Vénézuela, British Guiana and Trinidad, and a key for the identification of associated species of coral snakes. Bol. Mus. Cienc. Nat. Caracas 1: 35-40
  • Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 1989. The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Comstock Publishing/Cornell University Press, Ithaca
  • Carvajal-Cogollo, J.E.; L.E. Rojas-Murcia. & G. Cárdenas-Arévalo 2020. Reptiles del Caribe colombiano/ Reptiles of the Colombian Caribbean. Tunja: Editorial UPTC, 268 pp. - get paper here
  • Castro-Herrera, F. & Vargas-Salinas, F. 2008. Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Biota Colombiana 9 (2): 251 - 277 - get paper here
  • CASTRO-HERRERA, FERNANDO; ANYELET VALENCIA-AGUILAR, DIEGO VILLAQUIRAN-Martínez 2012. Diversidad de Anfibios y Reptiles del Parque Nacional Natural Isla Gorgona. Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Valle del Cauca, 112 pp. - get paper here
  • Fernández-Roldán, J. D., & Gómez-Sánchez, D. 2021. Primer registro de un comportamiento defensivo en Microcaecilia nicefori (Gymnophiona: Siphonopidae) provocado por la mordedura de Micrurus dumerilii (Serpentes: Elapidae). Revista Latinoamericana de Herpetología 4: 144–149 - get paper here
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248
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  • Jan, G. 1858. Plan d'une iconographie descriptive des ophidiens et description sommaire de nouvelles espèces des serpents. Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris (2) 10: 438-449, 514-527 - get paper here
  • Kornacker,P.M. 1999. Checklist and key to the snakes of Venezuela. PaKo-Verlag, Rheinbach, Germany, 270 pp.
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  • Laurent, R. 1949. Note sur quelques reptiles appartenant à la collection de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. III. Formes americaines. Bull. Inst. roy. Sci. nat. Belgique, Bruxelles, 25 (9): 1-20 [4]
  • Meneses-Pelayo, Elson and José Rances Caicedo-Portilla. 2015. Micrurus dumerilii (Dumeril's cornsnake) maximum size. Herpetological Review 46 (4): 647 - get paper here
  • Muñoz-Saba, Yaneth; Nathaly Calvo-Roa, Paul Andrés Gómez-Sandoval, Diego Casallas-Pabón John Douglas Lynch, Lucas S. Barrientos, Diego A. Gómez-Sánchez. 2019. Guía de campo de los mamíferos, anfibios y reptiles de Santa María (Boyacá, Colombia). Serie Guías de Campo del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales. N° 23. Bogotá D.C. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá. 317 p - get paper here
  • Natera-Mumaw, Marco; Luis Felipe Esqueda-González & Manuel Castelaín-Fernández 2015. Atlas Serpientes de Venezuela. Santiago de Chile, Dimacofi Negocios Avanzados S.A., 456 pp. - get paper here
  • Pérez-Santos,C. & Moreno, A.G. 1988. Ofidios de Colombia. Museo reegionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Monographie VI, 517 pp.
  • Peters , J. A. 1960. The snakes of Ecuador; check list and key. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 122: 489-541 - get paper here
  • Pinto-Erazo, M.A., Calderón-Espinosa, M.L., Medina-Rangel, G.F. & Méndez-Galeano, M.A. 2020. Herpetofauna from two municipalities of southwestern Colombia. Biota Colombiana 21(1): 41-57. DOI: 10.21068/c2020.v21n01a04 - get paper here
  • Prairie, Aaron; Kathryn Chandler, Patty Ruback, and Julie M. Ray 2015. Dumeril’s Coralsnake (Micrurus dumerilii Jan, 1858) in Panama. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (3): 253–259 - get paper here
  • Restrepo A, Molina-Zuluaga C, Hurtado JP, Marín CM, Daza JM 2017. Amphibians and reptiles from two localities in the northern Andes of Colombia. Check List 13 (4): 203-237 - get paper here
  • RIVAS, GILSON A.; CÉSAR R. MOLINA, GABRIEL N. UGUETO, TITO R. BARROS, CÉSAR L. BAR- RIO-AMORÓS & PHILIPPE J. R. KOK 2012. Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa 3211: 1–64 - get paper here
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  • Roze J A 1989. New species and subspecies of coral snakes, genus Micrurus (Elapidae), with notes on type specimens of several species. American Museum Novitates (2932) : 1-15 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, Karl P. 1936. Preliminary account of coral snakes of South America. Zoological Series of Field Museum of Natural History 20 (19): 189-203 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, Karl P. 1955. Coral snakes of the genus Micrurus in Colombia. Fieldiana Zoology 34 (34): 337-359 - get paper here
  • Silva Jr, Nelson Jorge da; Marcus Augusto Buononato & Darlan Tavares Feitosa 2016. AS COBRAS-CORAIS DO NOVO MUNDO. In: Silva (ed) Cobras corais do Brasil. Goiânia, pp. 41-69
  • SILVA-CARVALHO, ROSIMEIRE; MATHEUS Z. GASPAR, LUIZ H.B. QUADROS, LUÍS G.G. LOBO, ROGÉRIO GIUFFRIDA, CECÍLIA L. SANTARÉM, ELISANGELA O. SILVA, JULIANA R. GEREZ, NELSON J. SILVA, STEPHEN HYSLOP, BRUNO LOMONTE & RAFAEL S. FLORIANO. 2022. Partial efficacy of a Brazilian coralsnake antivenom and varespladib in neutralizing distinct toxic effects induced by sublethal Micrurus dumerilii carinicauda envenoming in rats. Toxicon 213: 99–104. - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
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