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Micrurus carvalhoi ROZE, 1967

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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Brazilian ribbon coral snake 
SynonymMicrurus lemniscatus carvalhoi ROZE 1967: 33
Micrurus lemniscatus carvalhoi — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 212
Micrurus lemniscatus carvalhoi — WELCH 1994: 85
Micrurus lemniscatus carvalhoi — BARRIO-AMOROS et al. 2003
Micrurus lemniscatus carvalhoi — FROTA et al. 2005
Micrurus lemniscatus carvalhoi — PIRES et al. 2014
Micrurus carvalhoi — WALLACH et al. 2014: 446
Micrurus carvalhoi — PIRES et al. 2021: 66 
DistributionNE/C Brazil (Bahia, Alagoas, DF, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, São Paulo, Tocantins, Espírito Santo), Argentina (Corrientes), Paraguay (Amambay, Caaguazú)

Type locality: "Catanduva, Sao Paulo, Brazil".  
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesHolotype: USNM 76341, male, ZMB 2727 seems to be the iconotype from Seba 1734; paratypes: USNM, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, MNRJ, NMW, CAS, SMF [carvalhoi] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis. Diagnosis. Micrurus carvalhoi can be distinguished from all other triadal species of Micrurus by the following combination of morphological characters: black snout (rostral, internasals, anterior border of prefrontals and nasals, and 1–2 supralabials); white preocular transverse band covers most of prefrontals, anterior border of supraoculars, posterior nasals, preoculars, and 2–3 supralabials; black cephalic cap includes frontal, supraoculars, and postoculars, anterior 2⁄3 of parietals, temporals, and 4–5 supralabials; head red, with or without black tipped scales; gulars red, with mental and some or most of infralabials black, in a horseshoe-shaped pattern; 1st triad separated from parietals by 3–4 scales; middle black ring longer or same length as outer ones; white rings shorter than outer black rings; red rings shorter that entire triad or even middle black ring; red and white
rings usually with black-tipped scales (Fig. 43); and 7–18 body triads and 1⁄3–2 tail triads (Pires et al. 2021: 67).


Additional details (3541 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy: For a discussion of nomenclatural and historical issues, see Pires et al. 2021.

Venomous!

Sympatry: M. ibiboboca and others.

Similar species: M. lemniscatus, M. ibiboboca, M. potyguara, possibly others. 
EtymologyM. l. carvalhoi was named after the Brazilian herpetologist, Antenor Leitäo de Carvalho, "whose friendly cooperation is weIl known and appreciated within and outside Brazil," as is stated in the original description. 
References
  • Barrio Amorós, César Luis and Daniel Calcaño 2003. First record of Micrurus lemniscatus (Linnaeus, 1758) from western Venezuela with comments on coral snakes from the eastern Andean piedmont (Squamata: Serpentes: Elapidae). Herpetozoa 16 (1/2):73-78 - get paper here
  • Dubeux, M. J. M., Araújo Neto, J. V. D., Triburcio, I. C. S., Lisboa, B. S., Torquato, S., Freitas, M. A. D., ... & Mott, T. 2022. A “hotspot” within a hotspot: the reptiles of the Estação Ecológica and Área de Proteção Ambiental de Murici, Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 22: 1-14 - get paper here
  • Frota, J.G. da; Pedroso dos Santos-Jr, Alfredo; Menezes-Chalkidis, H. de & Guimarães Guedes, A. 2005. AS SERPENTES DA REGIÃO DO BAIXO RIO AMAZONAS, OESTE DO ESTADO DO PARÁ, BRASIL (SQUAMATA). Biociências 13 (2): 211-220 - get paper here
  • Hurtado-Gómez, J. P.; Ramírez, M. V., Gómez, F. J. R., Fouquet, A., & Fritz, U. 2021. Multilocus phylogeny clarifies relationships and diversity within the Micrurus lemniscatus complex (Serpentes: Elapidae). Salamandra 57 (2): 229-239
  • Nascimento, L. R., Graboski, R., Silva JR, N. J., & Prudente, A. L. 2024. Integrative taxonomy of Micrurus ibiboboca (Merrem, 1820)(Serpentes, Elapidae) reveals three new species of coral snake. Systematics and Biodiversity, 22(1): 2315958 - get paper here
  • Peters, James A.; Donoso-Barros, Roberto & Orejas-Miranda, Braulio 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part I Snakes. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 297: 347 pp. - get paper here
  • Pires, Matheus Godoy; Darlan Tavares Feitosa, Felipe G. Grazziotin, Ana Lúcia da Costa Prudente, Nelson Jorge da Silva, Jr., and Hussam Zaher 2021. CHAPTER 2. HISTORICAL AND TAXONOMIC RELEVANCE OF COLUBER LEMNISCATUS LINNAEUS, 1758. In: Nelson Jorge da Silva Jr. et al. (eds.) Advances in Coralsnake Biology. Eagle Mountain Publishing, pp. 37-96 - get paper here
  • Pires, Matheus Godoy; Nelson Jorge da Silva Jr., Darlan Tavares Feitosa, ANA LÚCIA DA COSTA PRUDENTE, GENTIL ALVES PEREIRA FILHO & Hussam ZAHER 2014. A new species of triadal coral snake of the genus Micrurus Wagler, 1824 (Serpentes: Elapidae) from northeastern Brazil . Zootaxa 3811 (4): 569–584 - get paper here
  • Resende, Flávia Cappuccio de (coord.) 2023. O fantástico mundo dos animais peçonhentos: serpentes; características, história natural e reconhecimento das espécies peçonhentas de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte – Fundação Ezequiel Dias - get paper here
  • Roze, Jánis A 1967. A checklist of the New World venomous Coral Snakes (Elapidae), with descriptions of new forms. American Museum Novitates (2287): 1-60 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Welch, K. R. G. 1994. Snakes of the World. A Checklist. I. Venomous snakes. KCM Books, Somerset, England.
 
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