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Micrurus tener BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853

IUCN Red List - Micrurus tener - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesMicrurus tener fitzingeri (JAN 1858)
Micrurus tener maculatus ROZE 1967
Micrurus tener microgalbineus BROWN & SMITH 1942
Micrurus tener tamaulipensis LAVIN-MURCIO & DIXON 2004
Micrurus tener tener (BAIRD & GIRARD 1853) 
Common NamesE: Texas Coral Snake
E: Tamaulipas coral snake [tamaulipensis]
E: Guanajuato coral snake [fitzingeri]
E: Tampico coral snake [maculatus]
E: Spotted coral snake [microgalbineus]
E: Texas coral snake [tener]
S: Coralillo Tejano 
SynonymMicrurus tener tener (BAIRD & GIRARD 1853)
Elaps tenere BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 22
Elaps tenere BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 22
Elaps tristis BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 23
Micrurus fulvius tenere — SMITH & SMITH 1976
Micrurus fulvius tener — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 225
Micrurus tener — COLLINS 1991
Micrurus fulvius tenere — WELCH 1994: 83
Micrurus tener — LINER 1994
Micrurus fulvius tenere — ROZE 1996: 177
Micrurus fulvius tenere — DIXON 2000
Micrurus tener — CROTHER 2000
Micrurus fulvius tener — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 473
Micrurus fulvius tener — TENNANT 2003: 483
Micrurus tener — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004: 195
Micrurus tener — CROTHER et al. 2012
Micrurus tener — WALLACH et al. 2014: 455

Micrurus tener microgalbineus BROWN & SMITH 1942
Micrurus fitzingeri microgalbineus BROWN & SMITH 1942
Micrurus fitzingeri microgalbineus — TAYLOR 1949: 212
Micrurus fulvius microgalbineus — WELCH 1994: 83
Micrurus tener microgalbineus — LINER 1994
Micrurus tener microgalbineus — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004: 197

Micrurus tener fitzingeri (JAN 1858)
Elaps fitzingeri JAN 1858: 316
Micrurus fulvius fitzingeri
Elaps fulvius BOULENGER 1896
Micrurus fitzingeri fitzingeri
Micrurus fitzingeri — SCHMIDT 1928
Micrurus fitzingeri — SCHMIDT 1932
Micrurus tener fitzingeri — LINER 1994
Micrurus fitzingeri — CASTRO-FRANCO & BUSTOS-ZAGAL 1994
Micrurus fulvius fitzingeri — WELCH 1994: 83
Micrurus tener fitzingeri — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004: 197

Micrurus tener maculatus ROZE 1967
Micrurus fulvius maculatus ROZE 1967
Micrurus fulvius maculatus — WELCH 1994: 83
Micrurus tener maculatus — LINER 1994
Micrurus tener maculatus — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004: 197

Micrurus tener tamaulipensis LAVIN-MURCIO & DIXON 2004
Micrurus tamaulipensis LAVIN-MURCIO & DIXON 2004
Micrurus tamaulipensis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 455
Micrurus tener tamaulipensis — HEIMES 2016: 341
Micrurus tamaulipensis — JOHNSON et al. 2017 
Distributionfitzingeri: Mexico (Guanajuato and Queretaro to Morelos, Hidalgo, Durango)

maculatus: Mexico (S Tamaulipas, N Veracruz); Type locality: Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico.

microgalbineus: Mexico (SW Tamaulipas, CE/E San Luis Potosí to C Guanajuato)

tamaulipensis: Mexico (Tamaulipas: Sierra de Tamaulipas);Type locality: Sierra de Tamaulipas, Rancho La Sauceda, ca. 50 km N Gonazlez, 750-1000 m elevation (23° 06’ 47’’ N, 98° 20’ 19’’ W), Tamaulipas, Mexico.

tener: USA (SW Arkansas and Louisiana to WC Texas), Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Puebla)  
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesHolotype: USNM
Holotype: ZMH R03028 (formerly no. 5685), male, ded. Dr. E. KALLERT Feb. 10, 1930 [maculatus]
Holotype: CAR-ITCV (also as ITCV or ITT) 751, paratypes: CCVUACJ (Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico) [tamaulipensis]
Syntype: NMW 18297 [fitzingeri]
Holotype: BCB 5381 (Strecker Museum Baylor University Waco) [microgalbineus]
Holotype: USNM 1124 [Elaps tristis] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (tamaulipensis): Similar to M. tener, but differing in lacking a yellow head ring across the interparietal suture; the presence of a black head cap that extends beyond the tip of the parietal scales four to six scales; the chin and throat are mostly black, occasionally with small obscure red and orange marks. The tail is tricolored, black, yellow, and red. 
CommentVenomous!

Synonymy: Streicher et al. 2016 suggested to synonymize all subspecies with the nominate form, M. tener.

Distribution: see map 20 in Campbell & Lamar 2004: 170 
EtymologyThe specific name is the Latin word tener, meaning "soft or delicate," in reference to the graceful features of this snake.
The name maculatus (Latin for spotted) refers to the presence of some large black spots in the red bands.
The name microgalbineus is derived from a modern Latin adaptation of the original Greek word micro meaning small and tiny and galbineus, Latin for greenish yellow. The name microgalbineus alludes to the short yellowish bands of this subspecies. 
References
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