Montivipera albizona (NILSON, ANDREN & FLÄRDH, 1990)

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Higher Taxa	Viperidae, Viperinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names
Synonym	Vipera albizona NILSON, ANDREN & FLÄRDH 1990 Vipera albizona — WELCH 1994: 119 Vipera (Montivipera) albizona — NILSON et al. 1999: 101 Vipera albizona — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 390 Montivipera albizona — GARRIGUES et al. 2005 Montivipera albizona — WALLACH et al. 2014: 458 Montivipera bulgardaghica albizona — MEBERT et al. 2020
Distribution	C Turkey (Kulmac Daglari mountain range) Type locality: regions of the Kulmac Daglari mountain range, central Turkey, close to the Anatolian "Diagonal"
Reproduction	(ovo-) viparous.
Types	Holotype: GNM Re.ex.5022 (Göteborg Natural History Museum). A young female, leg. G. Nilson, 1989-06-02.(For reasons of conservation the exact locality is not given.)
Diagnosis	Additional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1172 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Venomous! Synonymy: Status uncertain; may be conspecific with V. wagneri or V. xanthina. Conservation: one of the 30 most endangered viper species (Maritz et al. 2016). Distribution: for a map with localities in Turkey see Mebert et al. 2020: 172 (Fig. 2) and 180 (Fig. 11).
Etymology	from Latin “albus” = white, and “zona” = girdle or belt.
References	Bettex, F. 1993. Beobachtungen an Vipera bulgardaghia, Vipera albizona und Vipera xanthina im Freiland und im Terrarium. Herpetofauna 15 (86): 21-26 - get paper here Garrigues, Thomas; Catherine Dauga; Elisabeth Ferquel; Valérie Choumet and Anna-Bella Failloux 2005. Molecular phylogeny of Vipera Laurenti, 1768 and the related genera Macrovipera (Reuss, 1927) and Daboia (Gray, 1842), with comments about neurotoxic Vipera aspis aspis populations. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution <br>Volume 35 (1): 35-47 - get paper here Göçmen, Bayram; Hüseyin Arikan; Mehmet Zülfü Yildiz; Ahmet Mermer; Nursen Alpagut-Keskin 2009. Serological characterization and conﬁrmation of the taxonomic status of Montivipera albizona (Serpentes, Viperidae) with an additional new locality record and some phylogenetical comments. Animal Biology 59: 87–96 - get paper here Göçmen, Bayram; Konrad Mebert, Naşit İğci, Bahadır Akman, Mehmet Zülfü Yıldız, Mehmet Anıl Oğuz, and Çağatay Altın 2014. New locality records for four rare species of vipers (Reptilia: Viperidae) in Turkey. Zoology in the Middle East 60 (4): 306-313 - get paper here Mallow, D. Ludwig, D. & Nilson, G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger, Malabar, Florida, 410 pp. [review in HR 35: 200, Reptilia 35: 74] Maritz, Bryan; Johannes Penner, Marcio Martins, Jelka Crnobrnja-Isailović, Stephen Spear, Laura R.V. Alencar, Jesús Sigala-Rodriguez, Kevin Messenger, Rulon W. Clark, Pritpal Soorae, Luca Luiselli, Chris Jenkins, Harry W. Greene 2016. Identifying global priorities for the conservation of vipers. Biological Conservation, doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.004 - get paper here McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp. Mebert, Konrad; Bayram Göçmen, Naşit İğci, Mert Kariş, Mehmet Anıl Oğuz, Mehmet Zülfü Yıldız, Alexandre Teynié, Nikolaus Stümpel, and Sylvain Ursenbacher 2020. Mountain Vipers in Central-Eastern Turkey: Huge Range Extensions for Four Taxa Reshape Decades of Misleading Perspectives. Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 15 (1): - get paper here MERMER, Ahmet; Hüseyin ARIKAN, Kerim ÇİÇEK and Cemal Varol TOK 2019. Preliminary study on the age- and sex-dependent variations in the venom proteins of Montivipera albizona (Nilson, Andrén & Flärdh, 1990) (Ophidia: Viperidae) in Anatolia. Biharean Biologist, Article No.: e191307 - get paper here Nilson G; Andren C 1986. The mountain vipers of the Middle East - the Vipera xanthina complex (Reptilia: Viperidae). Bonner Zool. Monogr. 20: 1-90 - get paper here Nilson G; Andren C; Flardh B 1990. Vipera albizona, a new mountain viper from central Turkey, with comments on isolating effects of the Anatolian 'Diagonal'. Amphibia-Reptilia 11(3): 285-294 - get paper here Nilson,G.; TUNIYEV,B.; ANDRÉN,C.; ORLOV,N.; JOGER,U. & HERRMANN,H. W. 1999. Taxonomic position of the Vipera xanthina complex. Kaupia (Darmstadt) (8): 99-102 Phelps, T. 2010. Old World Vipers. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 558 pp. [critical review in Sauria 33 (3): 19 and HR 43: 503] Stümpel, Nikolaus; Mehdi Rajabizadeh, Aziz Avcı, Wolfgang Wüster, Ulrich Joger 2016. Phylogeny and diversification of mountain vipers (Montivipera, Nilson et al. 2001) triggered by multiple Plio-Pleistocene refugia and high-mountain topography in the Near and Middle East. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.025 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.kingsnake.com/viperidae/images/photos.htm Google images

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