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Naja multifasciata (WERNER, 1902)

IUCN Red List - Naja multifasciata - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesNaja multifasciata anomala STERNFELD 1917
Naja multifasciata duttoni (BOULENGER 1904)
Naja multifasciata multifasciata (WERNER 1902) 
Common NamesE: Many-banded Snake 
SynonymNaia multifasciata WERNER 1902: 347
Paranaja multifasciata — HARDING & WELCH 1980
Paranaja multifasciata — WELCH 1994: 97
Paranaja multifasciata — CHIRIO & INEICH 2006
Naja multifasciata — WÜSTER et al. 2007
Paranaja multifasciata — DOBIEY & VOGEL 2007
Paranaja multifasciata — PAUWELS & VANDE WEGHE 2008
Naja (Boulengerina) multifasciata — WALLACH et al. 2009
Boulengerina multifasciata — WALLACH et al. 2014: 121

Paranaja multifasciata anomala STERNFELD 1917
Naja anomala STERNFELD 1917: 482
Naia anomala — WERNER 1924: 45
Paranaja multifasciata anomala — TRAPE & ROUX-ESTÈVE 1990: 382
Paranaja multifasciata — TRAPE & ROUX-ESTÈVE 1995: 44

Naja multifasciata duttoni (BOULENGER 1904)
Elapechis Duttoni BOULENGER 1904: 15
Paranaja multifasciata duttoni — GOLAY et al. 1993: 198 
DistributionW/C Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire), Congo (Brazzaville), Cameroon, Gabon, Angola, Equatorial Guinea

anomala: Cameroon.

Type locality: "der oberen Maringa, Congo." [=upper Moringa or Tshuapa River, southeastern Équateur Province, northwestern Zaire, 0˚14'S, 20˚42'E fide Lang, 1990: 25].  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: IRSNB 2015, a 525-550 mm male (Rom, 16 Jan. 1894).
Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.20.62, collected by Dr. Dutton (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Exped.) [duttoni]
Holotype: SMF 20662, collected by A. Schultze in 1911 [anomala] 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 2446 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

P. m. duttoni is not listed in WELCH 1994.

Synonymy: Paranaja multifasciata is nested within Naja in a tree based on DNA sequence data and thus WÜSTER et al. suggested to synonymize it with Naja.

Distribution: For a map with localities in Equatorial Guinea see SÁNCHEZ-VIALAS et al. 2022. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin multi= many and fascia = band, 
References
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1904. Descriptions of two new Elapine snakes from the Congo. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 14: 14 - get paper here
  • Chifundera, K. 1990. Snakes of Zaire and their bites. Afr. Stud. Monogr. (Kyoto) 10(3): 137-157.
  • Chippaux, Jean-Philippe & Kate Jackson 2019. Snakes of Central and Western Africa. Johns Hopkins University Press, 448 pp. [detaileld review in HR 51 (1): 161] - get paper here
  • Chirio, Laurent and Ivan Ineich 2006. Biogeography of the reptiles of the Central African Republic. African Journal of Herpetology 55(1):23-59. - get paper here
  • Dobiey, M. & Vogel, G. 2007. Venomous Snakes of Africa - Giftschlangen Afrikas. Edition Chimaira, Terralog 15, 150 pp. - get paper here
  • Hughes, B. 1983. African snake faunas. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 34: 311-356 - get paper here
  • Marques, Mariana P.; Luis M. P. Ceríaco , David C. Blackburn , and Aaron M. Bauer 2018. Diversity and Distribution of the Amphibians and Terrestrial Reptiles of Angola -- Atlas of Historical and Bibliographic Records (1840–2017). Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 4) 65: 1-501 (Supplement II)
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Pauwels, O.S.G. & Vande Weghe, J.P. 2008. Les reptiles du Gabon. Smithsonian Institution, Washington: 272 pp. - get paper here
  • SÁNCHEZ-VIALAS, A., CALVO-REVUELTA, M. & DE LA RIVA, I. 2022. Synopsis of the terrestrial Reptiles of Equatorial Guinea. Zootaxa 5202 (1): 1-197 - get paper here
  • Spawls, S., Branch, B. 1995. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Blandford, London, 192 pp.
  • Spawls, S., Branch, B. 2020. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Bloomsbury, London, 336 pp. - get paper here
  • Sternfeld, R. 1917. Reptilia und Amphibia. In: Schubotz, H. (Hrsg.): Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition, 1910-1911 unter Führung Adolph Friedrichs, Herzog zu Mecklenburg. Leipzig: Klinkhardt & Biermann, [Band] 1, Zoologie, Lieferung 11; S. 407-510. - get paper here
  • Trape, J.-F. 2023. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale, centrale et d’Afrique du Nord. IRD Éditions, Marseille, 896 pp.
  • Trape, J.F. & R. ROUX-ESTÈVE 1990. Note sur une collection de serpents du Congo avec description d'une espèce nouvelle. Rev. Zool. Afr. (J. Afr. Zool.) 104: 375-383
  • Trape, J.F. & R. ROUX-ESTÈVE 1995. Les serpents du Congo: liste commentée et clé de détermination. Journal of African Zoology 109 (1): 31-50
  • Wallach, V.; Wüster, W. & Broadley, D.G. 2009. In praise of subgenera: taxonomic status of cobras of the genus Naja Laurenti (Serpentes: Elapidae). Zootaxa 2236: 26–36 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Werner, F. 1902. Über westafrikanische Reptilien. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 52: 332-348 - get paper here
  • Werner, F. 1924. Neue oder wenig bekannte Schlangen aus dem Naturhistorischen Staatsmuseum in Wien. l. Teil. Sitzungsb. Ber. Akad. Wiss., Wien, Abt. l, 133: 29 - 56 - get paper here
  • Wüster, Wolfgang; Steven Crookes, Ivan Ineich, Youssouph Mané, Catharine E. Pook, Jean-Francois Trape, Donald G. Broadley 2007. The phylogeny of cobras inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences: Evolution of venom spitting and the phylogeography of the African spitting cobras (Serpentes: Elapidae: Naja nigricollis complex). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45: 437–453 - get paper here
 
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