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Naja annulifera PETERS, 1854

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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Snouted Cobra, Banded Cobra 
SynonymNaja haje var. annulifera PETERS 1854: 624
Naia haie — BOULENGER 1887: 179 (part)
Naia haie — BOULENGER 1896: 374 (part)
Naja nigricollis — CURTIS 1911: pl. xvi (not REINHARDT)
Naja haje haje — BOGERT 1943: 288 & 64 (part) (not LINNAEUS)
Naja haje annulifera — BRANCH 1981: 24
Naja haje annulifera — AUERBACH 1987: 196
Naja haje annulifera — WELCH 1994: 91
Naja haje annulifera — BOYCOTT 1992
Naja annulifera — BROADLEY 1995
Naja (Uraeus) annulifera — WALLACH et al. 2009
Uraeus annuliferus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 762
Naja annulifera — BATES et al. 2014: 403
Naja annulifera — PIETERSEN et al. 2021 
DistributionZambia (Gwembe valley = middle Zambezi), S Malawi,
Zimbabwe, C/S Mozambique (on the coast not known north of Quelimane - Kelly 1991), E Botswana, NE South Africa, Swaziland.

Type locality: “Tette” [Mozambique]  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZMB 2813 (Naja haje var. annulifera PETERS 1854)
Holotype: ZMB 2820 (unlocated) [Naja haje var. viridis PETERS 1873] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1432 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Subspecies: Naja annulifera anchietae BOCAGE 1879 has been elevated to species status by BROADLEY & WÜSTER (2004):

Reproduction: oviparous.

Distribution: For a map see Sindaco et al. 2013. 
EtymologyNamed after the diminutive form (“annul-”) of Latin “anus” = ring and the verb “fero, ferre” = carry. 
References
  • Auerbach, R.D. 1987. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Botswana. Mokwepa Consultants, Botswana, 295 pp.
  • Bates, M.F.; Branch, W.R., Bauer, A.M.; Burger, M., Marais, J.; Alexander, G.J. & de Villliers, M.S. (eds.) 2014. Atlas and Red List of the Reptiles of South Africa, Lesotho, and Swaziland. Suricata 1. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 512 pp.
  • Bocage,J.V.B. du 1879. Reptiles et batraciens nouveaux d'Angola. J. Acad. Sci. Lisbon 7: 97-99
  • Bogert, Charles M. 1943. Dentitional phenomena in cobras and other elapids with notes on adaptive modifications of fangs. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 81 (3): 285-260 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here
  • Boycott, R.C. 1992. An Annotated Checklist of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Swaziland. The Conservation Trust of Swaziland - get paper here
  • Branch, W. R. 1981. The venomous snakes of southern Africa 2. Elapidae and Hydrophidae. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 17 (1): 1-47 - get paper here
  • Branch, William R. 1993. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik Publishers, 144 S.
  • Broadley D G 1990. The herpetofaunas of the islands off the coast of south Mocambique. Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9 (35): 469-493
  • Broadley, D. & Blaylock 2013. The Snakes of Zimbabwe and Botswana. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 387 pp. [book review in Sauria 35 (2): 59 and Copeia 2014: 388] - get paper here
  • Broadley, D.G. 1958. Snakes of Southern Rhodesia. 6. The Egyptian cobra (Naja haje haje). Afr. Wild Life 12: 125-128.
  • Broadley, D.G. 1968. A review of the African cobras of the genus Naja (Serpentes: Elapinae). Arnoldia (Rhodesia) (ser. 3) 29: 1-14
  • Broadley, D.G. 1995. The snouted cobra, Naja annulifera, a valid species in southern Africa. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa 44: 26-32. - get paper here
  • Broadley, D.G.; Doria, C.T. & Wigge, J. 2003. Snakes of Zambia. An Atlas and Field Guide. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 280 pp. [review in Sauria 26 (3): 21]
  • CURTIS, H. 1911. Notes on two specimens of spitting snakes from southern Rhodesia. Rep. Wellcome Res. Lab. Kharoum 4: 195-200.
  • Dobiey, M. & Vogel, G. 2007. Venomous Snakes of Africa - Giftschlangen Afrikas. Edition Chimaira, Terralog 15, 150 pp. - get paper here
  • Haagner,G.V.; Branch,W.R. & Haagner,A.J.F. 2000. Notes on a collection of reptiles from Zambia and adjacent areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Annals of the Eastern Cape Museum 1: 1 – 25
  • Jacobsen, Niels H.G.; Errol W. Pietersen & Darren W. Pietersen 2010. A preliminary herpetological survey of the Vilanculos Coastal Wildlife Sanctuary on the San Sebastian Peninsula, Vilankulo, Mozambique. Herpetology Notes 3: 181-193
  • Mastenbroek, Richard 2011. Naja annulifera Peters 1854. Litteratura Serpentium 31 (2): 99-119 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Peters,W.C.H. 1854. Diagnosen neuer Batrachier, welche zusammen mit der früher (24. Juli und 17. August) gegebenen Übersicht der Schlangen und Eidechsen mitgetheilt werden. Ber. Bekanntmach. Geeignet. Verhandl. Königl.-Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854: 614-628
  • Pietersen, Darren W. Pietersen, Errol W. Haacke, Wulf D. 2013. First herpetological appraisal of the Parque Nacional de Banhine, Gaza Province, southern Mozambique. Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History 3: 153-163 - get paper here
  • Pietersen, Darren, Verburgt, Luke & Davies, John 2021. Snakes and other reptiles of Zambia and Malawi. Struik Nature / Penguin Random House South Africa, 376 pp., ISBN 9781775847373
  • Post, Yorick; Jens Puschhof, Joep Beumer, Harald M. Kerkkamp, Merijn A.G. de Bakker, Julien Slagboom, Buys de Barbanson, Nienke R. Wevers, Xandor M. Spijkers, Thomas Olivier,<br>Taline D. Kazandjian, Stuart Ainsworth, Carmen Lopez Iglesias, Willine J 2020. Snake Venom Gland Organoids. Cell 180, 233–247 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, A. D. & Gruschwitz, M. 2004. Neues vom Blouberg Conservation Project - ein Beispiel für praktische Naturschutzarbeit im neuen Südafrika. Elaphe 12 (2): 55-59
  • Sindaco, R.; Alberto Venchi & Cristina Grieco 2013. The Reptiles of the Western Palearctic, Volume 2: Annotated Checklist and Distributional Atlas of the Snakes of Europe, North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia, with an Update to Volume 1. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 543 pp. - get paper here
  • Slowinski, Joseph B. and Wolfgang Wüster. 2000. A new cobra (Elapidae: Naja) from Myanmar (Burma). Herpetologica 56 (2): 257-270 - get paper here
  • Spawls, S., Branch, B. 1995. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Blandford, London, 192 pp.
  • Tolley KA, Telford NS, Makhubo BG, Power RJ, Alexander GJ 2023. Filling the gap: Noteworthy herpetological discoveries in North West Province, South Africa. Zoosystematics and Evolution 99(1): 101-116 - get paper here
  • Trape, J.F.; Chirio, L.; Broadley, D.G. & Wüster, W. 2009. Phylogeography and systematic revision of the Egyptian cobra (Serpentes: Elapidae: Naja haje) species complex, with the description of a new species from West Africa. Zootaxa 2236: 1–25 - get paper here
  • Wallach, V.; Wüster, W. & Broadley, D.G. 2009. In praise of subgenera: taxonomic status of cobras of the genus Naja Laurenti (Serpentes: Elapidae). Zootaxa 2236: 26–36 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Winchell, S. 2011. Kobras. Reptilia (Münster) 16 (89): 16-22 - get paper here
 
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