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Naja siamensis LAURENTI, 1768

IUCN Red List - Naja siamensis - Vulnerable, VU
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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Indo-Chinese Spitting Cobra
G: Indochinesische Speikobra 
SynonymNaja siamensis LAURENTI 1768: 91
Naja naja kaouthia SMITH 1943
Naja naja kaouthia, variety C TAYLOR 1965
Naja tripudians — NOOTPAND 1971
Naja oxiana — NOOTPAND 1971
Naja naja isanensis NUTAPHAND 1982
Naja naja sputatrix — NUTAPHAND 1982
Naja naja atra — NUTAPHAND 1982
Naja isanensis — NUTAPHAND 1986
Naja sputatrix atra — LINGENHOLE & TRUTNAU 1989
Naja sputatrix isanensis — LINGENHOLE & TRUTNAU 1989
Naja atra — WÜSTER & THORPE 1991
Naja cf. atra — WÜSTER & THORPE 1992
Naja siamensis — WÜSTER & THORPE 1994
Naja siamensis — COX et al. 1998: 28
Naja (Naja) siamensis — WALLACH et al. 2009
Naja siamensis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 462
Naja siamensis — CHAN-ARD et al. 2015: 252 
DistributionThailand, Cambodia, S Vietnam, Laos

Type locality: “Imperio Siam and Insulis Ternateis”; restricted to Ban Phai District, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand (by Wüster 1997)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesNeotype: BMNH 1987.678, designated by Wüster et al. (1997: 776). 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1059 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

In the toxinological literature, the name "Naja naja siamensis" is more likely to refer to Naja kaouthia than to this species. Not listed by Golay 1985.

Distribution: For a map see Shi et al. 2022: 3 (Fig. 1). 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality. 
References
  • Chan-ard, T., Parr, J.W.K. & Nabhitabhata, J. 2015. A field guide to the reptiles of Thailand. Oxford University Press, NY, 352 pp. [see book reviews by Pauwels & Grismer 2015 and Hikida 2015 for corrections] - get paper here
  • Chan-ard, T., Stuart, B.L. & Wüster, W. 2000. First record of Indochinese Spitting Cobra Naja siamensis Laurenti (Serpentes, Elapidae) from Laos, with comments on the genus in the country. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 48: 149-152
  • Chan-ard,T.; Grossmann,W.; Gumprecht,A. & Schulz,K. D. 1999. Amphibians and reptiles of peninsular Malaysia and Thailand - an illustrated checklist [bilingual English and German]. Bushmaster Publications, Würselen, Gemany, 240 pp. [book review in Russ. J Herp. 7: 87] - get paper here
  • Cox, Merel J.; Van Dijk, Peter Paul; Jarujin Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt,Kumthorn 1998. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Ralph Curtis Publishing, 144 pp.
  • Crane, Matt S.; Colin T. Strine, Tyler K. Knierim, Taks in Artchawakom, and Pongthep Suwanwaree 2018. Herpetofaunal Species Abundance, Richness, and Diversity in a Dry Tropical Forest and Agricultural Matrix at the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, Thailand. Herp. Cons. Biol. 13 (3): 586–597 - get paper here
  • Das, I. 2012. A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia: Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali. Oxford J, ohn Beaufoy Publishing - get paper here
  • Geissler, Peter, Truong Quang Nguyen, Nikolay A. Poyarkov & Wolfgang Böhme 2011. New records of snakes from Cat Tien National Park, Dong Nai and Lam Dong provinces, southern Vietnam. Bonn zoological Bulletin 60 (1): 9-16 - get paper here
  • Golay,P. 1985. Checklist and keys to the terrestrial proteroglyphs of the world (Serpentes: Elapidae - Hydrophiidae). Elapsoidea, Geneva. - get paper here
  • Grismer, L.L., Neang, T., Chav, T. & Grismer, J.L. 2008. Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of the Cardamom region of Southwestern Cambodia. Cambodian Journal of Natural History 2008(1): 12–28 - get paper here
  • HODGES, CAMERON W. 2021. NAJA SIAMENSIS (Indo-Chinese Spitting Cobra). DIET. Herpetological Review 52 (2): 427. - get paper here
  • Laita, Mark 2013. Serpentine. Abrams and PQ Blackwell, Auckland, New Zealand, 200 unnumbered pages
  • Laurenti, J. N. 1768. Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium emendatam cum experimentis circa venena et antidota reptilium austracorum, quod authoritate et consensu. Vienna, Joan. Thomae, 217 pp. - get paper here
  • Lillywhite, Harvey B. 2014. How Snakes Work: Structure, Function and Behavior of the World's Snakes. Oxford University Press, New York, 256 pp
  • Lingenhöle, S. & Trutnau, L. 1989. Über die Kobras der Gattung Naja LAURENTI 1758 in Thailand. Herpetofauna 11 (58): 6-13 - get paper here
  • Nguyen, S.V., Ho, C.T. and Nguyen, T.Q. 2009. Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 768 pp.
  • Orlov, N. L., S. A. Ryabov, N. Van Sang and N. Q. Truong 2003. New records and data on the poorly known snakes of Vietnam. Russ. J. Herpetol. 10: 217-240 - get paper here
  • Pauwels, O.S.G.; David, P.; Chimsunchart, C. & Thirakhupt, K. 2003. Reptiles of Phetchaburi Province, Western Thailand: a list of species, with natural history notes, and a discussion on the biogeography at the Isthmus of Kra. Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 3 (1): 23-53 - get paper here
  • Ratnarathorn, N., Sanunsilp, N., Laoungbua, P., Tawan, T., Sumontha, M., Kongrit, C., & Thaweepworadej, P. 2024. Species richness, seasonality, and mortality of snakes in human-snake conflicts in Thailand: Insights from citizen science data. Biological Conservation, 294, 110603 - get paper here
  • Shi, S.‐C.; Vogel, G.; Ding, L.; Rao, D.‐Q.; Liu, S.; Zhang, L.; Wu, Z.‐J.; Chen, Z.‐N. 2022. Description of A New Cobra (Naja Laurenti, 1768; Squamata, Elapidae) from China with Designation of a Neotype for Naja atra. Animals 12, 3481
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
  • Teynié, Alexandre and Patrick David. 2007. Additions to the snake fauna of southern Laos, with the second Laotian specimen of Naja siamensis (Laurenti, 1768) and the forst country record of Oligodon taeniatus (Günther, 1861) (Squamata, Serpentes). Russ. J. Herpetol. 14 (1):39-44 - get paper here
  • Vonk, F.J. et al. 2008. Evolutionary origin and development of snake fangs. Nature 454: 630-633 - get paper here
  • Wallach, V.; Wüster, W. & Broadley, D.G. 2009. In praise of subgenera: taxonomic status of cobras of the genus Naja Laurenti (Serpentes: Elapidae). Zootaxa 2236: 26–36 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Wang, Kai; Jinlong Ren, Hongman Chen, Zhitong Lyu, Xianguang Guo Ke Jiang, Jinmin Chen, Jiatang Li, Peng Guo, Yingyong Wang, Jing Che 2020. The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of China. Biodiversity Science 28 (2): 189-218 - get paper here
  • Wüster, W. 1996. Taxonomic changes and toxinology: Systematic revisions of the asiatic cobras (Naja naja complex). Toxicon 34 (4): 399-406 - get paper here
  • Wuster, W.; Thorpe, R.S. 1994. Naja siamensis, a cryptic species of venomous snake revealed by mtDNA sequencing. Experientia 50 (1): 75-79 - get paper here
  • Wüster, W.; Thorpe,R.S.; Cox,M.J.; Jintakune,P.; Nabhitabhata,J. 1995. Populuation systematics of the snake genus Naja (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae) in Indochina: Multivariate morphometrics and comparative mitochondrial DNA sequencing (cytochrome oxidase I). J. Evol. Biol. 8: 493-510 - get paper here
  • Wuster, W.; Warrell, D. A.; Jintakune, P. 1997. Redescription of Naja siamensis (Serpentes: Elapidae), a widely overlooked spitting cobra from S.E. Asia: geographic variation, medical importance and designation of a neotype. Journal of Zoology 243 (4): 771- - get paper here
 
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