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Neusticurus rudis BOULENGER, 1900

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Higher TaxaGymnophthalmidae (Cercosaurinae), Sauria, Gymnophthalmoidea, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Red Neusticurus 
SynonymNeusticurus rudis BOULENGER 1900: 53
Neusticurus tatei — UZZELL 1966: 283 (part)
Neusticurus rudis — UZZELL 1966: 286
Neusticurus rudis — PETERS et al. 1970: 207
Neusticurus rudis — GORZULA & SEÑARIS 1999
Neusticurus cf. rudis — LIVIGNI 2013: 378
Neusticurus rudis — KOK et al. 2018 
DistributionGuyana, E Venezuela (restricted to east of the Venezuelan Gran Sabana, from the slopes of Mount Roraima in Venezuela through Wayalayeng and the slopes of Maringma-tepui to Mount Ayanganna in Guyana, between 678–1500 m elevation, a region drained by tributaries of the Essequibo and Mazaruni rivers, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará fide Costa & Bérnils 2018)

Type locality: Foot of Mount Roraima, Guyana, elevation 1050 m. Southern slope of Mount Roraima in Bolívar state, Venezuela, fide Kok et al. 2018.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesType: BMNH 1946.8.31.64 (and possibly additional specimens). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Neusticurus rudis is characterised by the following combination of characters: (1) size moderate (maximum known SVL 80.5 mm); (2) tail 1.7–2.1 times SVL; (3) tympanum moderately recessed, auditory meatus short; (4) lower eyelid with semi-transparent disc of 5–8 palpebrals; (5) frontonasal single or paired; (6) occipital scales in contact with posterior edge of parietals and interparietal 7–11; (7) enlarged dorsal tubercles usually arranged in poorly defined, discontinuous longitudinal rows containing 41–45 scales; (8) flanks with enlarged trihedral scales, not forming distinct vertical rows, surrounded by smaller scales usually heterogeneous in size; (9) ventral scales in 25–30 transverse rows; (10) subdigital lamellae under 4th finger 16–22; (11) subdigital lamellae under 4th toe 27–35; (12) total number of femoral pores in males 40–55, 24–49 in females; (13) tail compressed with 4–5 transverse rows of lateral scales corresponding to two subcaudal scales and 2–3 dorsal tubercles (= verticils), the last dorsal tubercle of each verticil poorly overlapping the next verticil; (14) hemipenis non-capitate, lacking capitular groove on sides; (15) hemipenial lobes elongate with pointed tips, lacking lobular knobs.


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CommentSynonymy mostly after PETERS et al. 1970. Uzzell (1966) placed Neusticurus dejongi Brongersma (1927) and Neusticurus surinamensis Müller (1923) as junior syn- onyms of N. rudis, without examining neither the holotype of N. rudis nor that of N. surinamensis. Marques-Souza et al. 2018 revalidated Neusticurus surinamensis MÜLLER 1923.

Distribution: Other populations provisionally referred to that species are currently found exclusively east of the Venezuelan Gran Sabana, from Mount Wokomung in the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana to the Iwokrama Forest Reserve in Guyana between 159 and 1234 m elevation). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin rudis, unwrought, untilled, unformed, unused, rough, raw, wild. (BOULENGER 1900, Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
  • Avila-Pires, T.C.S. 1995. Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Zoologische Verhandelingen 299: 1-706 - get paper here
  • Avila-Pires, Teresa C. S. and Laurie J. Vitt. 1998. A new species of Neusticurus (Reptilia: Gymnophthalmidae) from the Rio Juruá, Acre, Brazil. Herpetologica 54 (2):235-245. - get paper here
  • Barrio-Amorós, César L. & Brewer-Carias, Charles 2008. Herpetological results of the 2002 expedition to Sarisari–ama, a tepui in Venezuelan Guayana, with the description of five new species. Zootaxa 1942: 1-68 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G. A. 1900. Reptiles and Batrachians. In: E.R. Lankester, Report on a collection made by Messrs. F.V. McConnell and J.J. Quelch at Mount Roraima in British Guiana. Reptiles. Trans. Linnaean Soc. London (2) 8: 53-56 - get paper here
  • Brongersma, L. D. 1927. Neusticurus dejongi, sp. n., a new lizard from Surinam. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 20: 543-245 - get paper here
  • Cole, Charles J.; Carol R. Townsend, Robert P. Reynolds, Ross D. MacCulloch, and Amy Lathrop 2013. Amphibians and reptiles of Guyana, South America: illustrated keys, annotated species accounts, and a biogeographic synopsis. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 125 (4): 317-578; plates: 580-620 - get paper here
  • Costa, Henrique Caldeira; Renato Silveira Bérnils 2018. Répteis do Brasil e suas Unidades Federativas: Lista de espécies. Herpetologia Brasileira 7 (1): 11-57
  • Disi, Ahmad; Zuhair S. Amr, Nashat Hamidan 2014. Diversity, Threats, and Conservation of the Terrestrial and Freshwater Herpetofauna of Jordan. Russ. J. Herpetol. 21 (3): 221-233 - get paper here
  • Dixon J R; Lamar W W 1981. A new species of microteiid lizard (genus Neusticurus) from Colombia. Journal of Herpetology 15 (3): 309-314. - get paper here
  • Gorzula, Stefan & Senaris, J. Celsa 1999. In: Contribution to the herpetofauna of the Venezuelan Guayana. I: a data base. Scientia Guaianae, Caracas, No. 8 [1998], 269+ pp.; ISBN 980-6020-48-0
  • Hoogmoed M.S.; de Avila-Pires T C S 1991. Annotoated checklist of the herpetofauna of Petit Saut, Sinnamary River, French Guiana. Zoologische Mededelingen 65: 53-88 - get paper here
  • Hoogmoed, M.S., & Lescure, J. 1975. An annotated checklist of the lizards of French Guiana, mainly based on two recent collections. Zoologische Mededelingen 49(13): 141-172. - get paper here
  • Kok, Philippe J. R.; Mátyás A. Bittenbinder, Joris K. van den Berg, Sergio Marques-Souza, Pedro M. Sales Nunes, Alexandra E. Laking, Mauro Teixeira Jr, Antoine Fouquet, D. Bruce Means, Ross D. MacCulloch & Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues 2018. Integrative taxonomy of the gymnophthalmid lizard Neusticurus rudis Boulenger, 1900 identifies a new species in the eastern Pantepui region, north-eastern South America. Journal of Natural History 52: 1029-1066; DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1439541 - get paper here
  • LiVigni, F. (ed.) 2013. A Life for Reptiles and Amphibians, Volume 1. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 495 pp. - get paper here
  • Marques-Souza S, Prates I, Fouquet A, et al. 2018. Reconquering the water: Evolution and systematics of South and Central American aquatic lizards (Gymnophthalmidae). Zoologica Scripta 47: 255–265 - get paper here
  • Morato, S.A.A.; Calixto, P.O.; Mendes, L.R.; Gomes, R.; Galatti, U.; Trein, F.L.; Oliveira, F.S.; Ferreira, G.N. 2014. Guia fotográfico de identificação da herpetofauna da Floresta Nacional de Saracá-Taquera, Estado do Pará. Curitiba: STCP Engenharia de Projetos Ltda.; Porto Trombetas: MRN – Mineração Rio do Norte S.A.; 213 p. - get paper here
  • Morato, Sérgio Augusto Abrahão; Guilherme Nunes Ferreira; Michela Rossane Cavilha Scupino (eds.) 2018. Herpetofauna da Amazônia Central: Estudos na FLONA de Saracá-Taquera. Curitiba, Pr: STCP Engenharia de Projetos Ltda.; Porto Trombetas, Pa: MRN – Mineração Rio do Norte S.A., 2018.<br>210p. - get paper here
  • Müller,L. 1923. Neue oder seltene Reptilien und Batrachier der Zoologischen Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates. Zool. Anz. 58: 291-297
  • Myers, Charles W.;Donnelly, Maureen A. 2008. The Summit Herpetofauna Of Auyantepui, Venezuela: Report From The Robert G. Goelet American Museum-Terramar Expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 308: 1-147 - get paper here
  • RIBEIRO-JÚNIOR, MARCO A. & SILVANA AMARAL 2017. Catalogue of distribution of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Brazilian Amazonia. IV. Alopoglossidae, Gymnophthalmidae. Zootaxa 4269 (2): 151-196 - get paper here
  • Ribeiro-Júnior, Marco A. & Silvana Amaral 2016. Diversity, distribution, and conservation of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) in the Brazilian Amazonia. Neotropical Biodiversity, 2:1, 195-421 - get paper here
  • RIVAS, GILSON A.; CÉSAR R. MOLINA, GABRIEL N. UGUETO, TITO R. BARROS, CÉSAR L. BAR- RIO-AMORÓS & PHILIPPE J. R. KOK 2012. Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa 3211: 1–64 - get paper here
  • Roze, J. A. 1958. Resultados zoologicos de la expedicion de la Universidad Central de Venezuela a la region del Auyante'pui en la Guyana Venezolana, Abril de 1956. 5. Los reptiles del Auyantepui, Venezuela, basandose en las colecciones de las expediciones de Phelps-Ta Acta Biol. Venezuelica 2: 243-270.
  • Uzzell, Thomas M. 1966. Teid Lizards of the genus Neusticurus (Reptilia, Sauria). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 132 (5): 279-327 - get paper here
  • Vaz-Silva, W.; RM Oliveira, AFN Gonzaga, KC Pinto, FC Poli, TM Bilce, M Penhacek, L Wronski, JX Martins, TG Junqueira, LCC, Cesca VY, Guimarães RD. Pinheiro 2015. Contributions to the knowledge of amphibians and reptiles from Volta Grande do Xingu, northern Brazil Braz. J. Biol., 75 (3) (suppl.): S205-S218 - get paper here
 
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