Nilssonia formosa (GRAY, 1869)

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Higher Taxa	Trionychidae (Trionychinae), Trionychoidea, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Burmese Soft-shelled Turtle
Synonym	Trionyx formosus GRAY 1869 Trionyx (?) peyuensis GRAY 1870 Nilssonia formosa — GRAY 1872: 332 Trionyx grayii THEOBALD 1875 Trionyx formosus — BOULENGER 1889 Trionyx formosus — ALDERTON 1988 Nilssonia formosa — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989 Nilssonia formosa — KUCHLING et al. 2004 Nilssonia formosa — PRASCHAG et al. 2007 Nilssonia formosa — FRITZ & HAVAŠ 2007 Nilssonia formosa — LIEBING et al. 2012 Nilssonia formosa — TTWG 2014: 416 Nilssonia formosa — TTWG 2021
Distribution	Myanmar (= Burma) (Irrawaddy, Sittang, and Salween rivers), China (Yunnan) Type locality: "Pegu," Myanmar (= Burma).
Reproduction	oviparous.
Types	Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.22.11.
Diagnosis	Additional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1713 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	The illustrations of the skull (BMNH 1868.2.12.15) of Trionyx formosus in WERMUTH & MERTENS (1961: 270, Fig. 191c), copied from Gray (1873a: 46, Figs. 2a-d, as Nilssonia formosa) represent Aspideretes hurum (Boulenger, 1889: 250, synonymy; Meylan, 1987: 95). According to the molecular data of Engstrom et al. (2004) Aspideretes should be renamed Nillsonia as Nilssonia (GRAY 1872) has priority over Aspideretes (HAY 1903). Type species: Trionyx formosus GRAY 1869 is the type species of the genus Nilssonia GRAY 1872: 332. Habitat: freshwater (rivers and tributaries, lakes)
References	Adler, K. 1997. Illustrations of reptiles. Fauna 1 (1): 64-71 Alderton, D. 1988. Turtles and tortoises of the world. Facts on File, New York. Bonin, F., Devaux, B. & Dupré, A. 2006. Turtles of the World. English translation by P.C.H. Pritchard. Johns Hopkins University Press, 416 pp. Bour, R. 2008. Global diversity of turtles (Chelonii; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:593–598 - get paper here ENGSTROM, TAG N.; H. BRADLEY SHAFFER AND WILLIAM P. MCCORD 2004. Multiple Data Sets, High Homoplasy, and the Phylogeny of Softshell Turtles (Testudines: Trionychidae). Systematic Biology 53 (5): 693–710 - get paper here Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London Gray, J.E. 1869. Notes on the families and genera of tortoises (Testudinata), and on the characters afforded by the study of their skulls. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1869: 165-225. - get paper here Gray, J.E. 1872. Notes on the mud-tortoises of India (Trionyx, Geoffroy). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 10: 326-340. - get paper here Kuchling, G.; Win Ko Ko; Tint Lwin; Sein Aung Min; Khin Myo Myo, Thin Thin Khaing (II), Win Win Mar & Thin Thin Khaing (I) 2004. The softshell turtles and their exploitation at the upper Chindwin River, Myanmar: range extensions for Amyda cartilaginea, Chitra vandijki, and Nilssonia formosa. Salamandra 40 (3-4): 281-296 - get paper here Li, H., Liu, J., Xiong, L., Zhang, H., Zhou, H., Yin, H., Jing, W., Li, J., Shi, Q., Wang, Y., Liu, J. and Nie, L. 2017. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence dates of softshell turtles (Testudines: Trionychidae) inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes. J. Evol. Biol., doi:10.1111/jeb.13070 - get paper here Liebing, Nicole; Peter Praschag , Rupali Gosh , Karthikeyan Vasudevan , s.M.a. Rashid, Ding-qi Rao , Heiko Stuckas & Uwe Fritz 2012. Molecular phylogeny of the softshell turtle genus Nilssonia revisited, with first records of N. formosa for China and wild-living N. nigricans for Bangladesh. Vertebrate Zoology 62 (2): 261-272 - get paper here Meylan, P.A. 1987. The phylogenetic relationships of soft-shelled turtles (Family Trionychidae). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 186 (1):1-101. - get paper here Platt, Steven G., Tint Lwin, Aung Lin Htet, Kalyar Platt, Peter Paul Van Dijk and Thomas R. Rainwater. 2016. Nilssonia formosa (Burmese Peacock Softshell Turtle) Morphometrics, coloration, and photograph of neonate. Herpetological Review 47 (1): 125-126 - get paper here Platt, Steven G.; Tint Lwin, Naing Win, Htay Lin Aung, Kalyar Platt & Thomas R. Rainwater, Pp. 2017. An interview-based survey to determine the conservation status of Softshell Turtles (Reptilia: Trionychidae) in the Irrawaddy Dolphin Protected Area, Myanmar. JoTT 9 (12): 10998–11008 - get paper here Praschag, P.; Hundsdörfer, A.K.; Reza, A.H.M.A. & Fritz, U. 2007. Genetic evidence for wild-living Aspideretes nigricans and a molecular phylogeny of South Asian softshell turtles (Reptilia: Trionychidae: Aspideretes, Nilssonia). Zoologica Scripta 36 (4): 301-310 - get paper here Siebenrock, F. 1902. Zur Systematik der Schildkrötenfamilie Trionychidae Bell, nebst der Beschreibung einer neuen Cyclanorbis - Art. Sitzungsber. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien. Math-Naturwiss. Cl. 111: 807-846 - get paper here Theobald, W. 1875. Observations on some Indian and Burmese species of Trionyx, with a rectification of their synonymy and a description of two new species. Proc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 1875:170-180. - get paper here TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here Webb, R.G. 2004. Trionychid turtle miscellany. Hamadryad 28 (1&2): 119-121 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.chelonia.org/nilssonia_gallery.htm Google images

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