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Oligosoma salmo MELZER, HITCHMOUGH, BELL, CHAPPLE & PATTERSON, 2019

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Higher TaxaScincidae, Eugongylinae (Eugongylini), Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Kapitia skink (Chesterfield skink is incorrect) 
SynonymOligosoma salmo MELZER, HITCHMOUGH, BELL, CHAPPLE & PATTERSON 2019
Leiolopisma “West Coast skink” — AVISS & LYALL 1995
Oligosoma infrapunctatum — GREAVES et al. 2008
Oligosoma infrapunctatum — CHAPPLE et al 2009
Oligosoma aff. infrapunctatum ‘Chesterfield’ — HITCHMOUGH et al. 2007
Oligosoma aff. infrapunctatum ‘Chesterfield’ — HITCHMOUGH et al. 2010
Oligosoma aff. infrapunctatum ‘Chesterfield’ — HITCHMOUGH et al. 2013
Oligosoma aff. infrapunctatum ‘Chesterfield’ — BELL 2014
Oligosoma aff. infrapunctatum ‘Chesterfield’ — HITCHMOUGH et al. 2016a
Oligosoma aff. infrapunctatum ‘Chesterfield’ — HITCHMOUGH et al. 2016b
Oligosoma aff. infrapunctatum ‘Chesterfield’ — VAN WINKEL et al. 2018 
DistributionNew Zealand (West Coast of the South Island)

Type locality: Chesterfield (42° 37’S, 171° 05’E), ,  
Reproductionviviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: NMNZ RE005444, male (coll. G. Patterson, 23 Mar 1994). Paratypes (4 specimens). Chesterfield (42° 37’S, 171° 05’E), 2 specimens: NMNZ RE005445, male; NMNZ RE005446, male (coll. G. Patterson, 23 Mar 1994); Chesterfield (42° 37’S, 171° 05’E), 2 specimens: NMNZ RE005364, male; NMNZ RE005365, female (coll. R. van Mierlo, P. van Klink, 09 Jan 1998). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: O. salmo can be distinguished from other species in the O. infrapunctatum species complex by a combination of characters (Figure 4a–j). There are statistical differences between O. newmani and O. salmo (S-Ear/ EF, VS, upper ciliaries). Compared with O. newmani MS is usually 33 or below whereas O. salmo is 33 or above. In O. robinsoni SVL/HW is usually 11 or below, whereas in O. salmo it is 11 or above. There are statistical differ- ences between O. robinsoni and O. salmo (VS, subdigital lamellae). The VS count is 69 or below in O. salmo versus usually 69 or greater in O. robinsoni; supraciliaries 5 only (O. salmo) versus usually >5 in O. robinsoni; ventral speckling much more pronounced in O. robinsoni than O. salmo. There are statistical differences between O. salmo and O. albornense sp. nov. (upper ciliaries, HL/HW, S-Ear/EF, VS). O. salmo has 5 supraciliaries only, versus 6 or more in O. albornense sp. nov. O. salmo has 3 or fewer nuchal scale pairs, while O. albornense sp. nov. has 3 or more nuchal scale pairs. There are statistical differences between O. salmo and O. auroraensis sp. nov. (VS). It dif- fers from O. auroraensis sp. nov. in having subdigital lamellae usually 21 or above (O. auroraensis sp. nov.) versus usually 20 or below. It appears to have a shorter tail (1.25 TL/SVL versus mean TL/SVL of 1.38 in O. auroraensis sp. nov.). 
CommentBehavior: Diurnal, heliothermic but cryptic sun-basker,

Habitat: terrestrial, may also be partly arboreal. 
EtymologyThe scientific name is derived from the Latin for “salmon”, referring to the distinctive colouration on the underside of the tail. 
References
  • Aviss, M. & Lyall, J. 1995. Survey for the “Chesterfield” skink (Leiolopisma sp.) near Hokitika on the West Coast, 7–9 March 1995. Threatened Species Occasional publication No. 8. Threatened Species Unit, Department of Conservation, Welling- ton, 8 pp
  • Bell, Trent. 2014. Standardized common names for New Zealand reptiles. BioGecko (2): 8-11 - get paper here
  • Chapple, David G.; Peter A. Ritchie, Charles H. Daugherty 2009. Origin, diversification, and systematics of the New Zealand skink fauna (Reptilia: Scincidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52 (2): 470-487 - get paper here
  • Greaves, Stephanie N.J.; David G. Chapple, Charles H. Daugherty, Dianne M. Gleeson and Peter A. Ritchie 2008. Genetic divergences pre-date Pleistocene glacial cycles in the New Zealand speckled skink, Oligosoma infrapunctatum. Journal of Biogeography 35: 853–864 - get paper here
  • Hitchmough, R. A., Hoare, J.M., Jamieson, H., Newman, D., Tocher, M.D. and Anderson, P. J. 2010. Conservation status of New Zealand reptiles, 2009. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 37 (3): 203-224 - get paper here
  • Hitchmough, R., Anderson, P., Barr, B., Monks, J., Lettink, M., Reardon, J., Tocher, M. & Whitaker, T. 2013. Conservation status of New Zealand reptiles, 2012. In: New Zealand Threat Classification Series 2. Department of Conservation, Wellington, pp. 1–16
  • Hitchmough, R., Bull, L. & Cromarty, P. 2007. New Zealand Threat Classification System lists—2005. Department of Conservation, Wellington, 194 pp
  • Hitchmough, Rod; Ben Barr, Marieke Lettink, Jo Monks, James Reardon, Mandy Tocher, Dylan van Winkel and Jeremy Rolfe 2016. Conservation status of New Zealand reptiles, 2015. New Zeland Department of Conservation, 14 pp. - get paper here
  • Hitchmough, Rodney A.; Geoffrey B. Patterson, and David G. Chapple 2016. Putting a Name to Diversity: Taxonomy of the New Zealand Lizard Fauna. in: Chapple, D.G. (ed). New Zealand Lizards. Springer, pp. 87-108 - get paper here
  • Kerrigan, M., Brill. S., Baling, M. 2024. Arboreal behaviour and habitat use in the Nationally Critical Kapitia skink (Oligosoma salmo). Perspectives in Biodiversity, 2(1): 11–20 - get paper here
  • MELZER, SABINE; ROD A. HITCHMOUGH, TRENT BELL, DAVID G. CHAPPLE & GEOFF B. PATTERSON 2019. Lost and Found: Taxonomic revision of the speckled skink (Oligosoma infrapunctatum; Reptilia; Scincidae) species complex from New Zealand reveals a potential cryptic extinction, resurrection of two species, and description of three new species. Zootaxa 4623 (3): 441–484 [erratum in Zootaxa 4688 (4): 599-600] - get paper here
  • Winkel, D. van, Baling, M. & Hitchmough, R. 2018. Reptiles and Amphibians of New Zealand: A field guide. Auckland University Press, Auckland, 376 pp.
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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