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Oxybelis microphthalmus BARBOUR & AMARAL, 1926

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Thrornscrub Vine Snake 
SynonymOxybelis microphthalmus BARBOUR & AMARAL 1926
Dryinus aeneus – WAGLER 1824 (part)
Oxybelis aeneus – DUMÉRIL et al. 1854: 819 (part)
Dryophis acuminata – GÜNTHER 1858: 156 (part)
Oxybelis acuminata – BOULENGER 1896: 192 (part)
Oxybelis aeneus auratus – BOGERT & OLIVER 1945: 381 (part)
Oxybelis aeneus auratus – ZWEIFEL & NORRIS 1955 (part)
Oxybelis aeneus – KEISER 1974: 7 (part)
Oxybelis microphthalmus — JADIN et al. 2020 
DistributionUSA (Arizona),
Mexico (Chiapas, Morelos, Oaxaca, Aguascalientes, Tamaulipas, Campeche, Jalisco, Sonora, Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Nuevo León, Chihuahua, Nayarit, Puebla, Guerrero, Durango)

auratus: Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua

Type locality: Calabasas Canyon, Arizona, USA (circa 31° 28′ N, 110° 58′ W).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MCZ 22417 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A vine snake with (1) three upper labials (4–5–6) bordering the orbit; (2) black spots or bars on anterior body, dorsum mostly uniform brown with little black pigment; there are small scattered black spots on the dorsum; (3) venter is finely mottled and it can have a dark lateral stripe on the outer edge of each ventral, and a pale mid-ventral stripe; (4) eye diameter shorter than preocular; (5) second pair of chin shields in contact for most of their length; (6) eight upper labials in most Arizona and Sonora specimens, nine upper labials in other Mexican populations, but all tend to have three labials behind orbit; (7) snout from above is narrow, tapered, and rounded at the tip (snout type A); (8) supraoculars are longer than the prefrontals; (9) lower surface of the head is uniform white or yellow in color (not mottled); (10) last upper labial shorter than primary temporal; and (11) second upper labial does not contact the preocular.
The rostral is visible from above and followed by nine platelike scales on the crown: a pair of internasals, a pair of prefrontals, the frontal and two larger supraoculars, and a pair of parietals. Preoculars extend slightly on to the crown between the prefrontals and supraoculars. In profile the nasal scale is elongate extending from the edge of the rostral, beyond the posterior edge of the internasal to the anterior border of the fused prefrontal–loreal. Eye diameter/internasal ratio in this species averages 0.82 (n = 34, r = 0.58–0.97, SD = 0.10). Preocular scale (Keiser 1974, Jadin et al. 2020).


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CommentHabitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018, by implication).

Synonymy: After Jadin et al. 2020 who revalidated Oxybelis microphthalmus from the synonymy of O. aeneus.

Distribution: Not in Querétaro fide Tepos-Ramírez et al. (2023). 
EtymologyNamed after the Greek micros (= small) and Greek ophthalmos = eye, face. 
References
  • Barbour, T.; Amaral, A. D. 1926. A new North American snake. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 9: 79-81
  • Bogert, Charles M.; Oliver, James A. 1945. A preliminary analysis of the herpetofauna of Sonora. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 83 (6): 297-426 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here
  • García-Padilla, E., Mata-Silva, V., Villalobos-Juárez, I., López-Esquivel, E. A., Lavariega, M. C., Rocha, A., DeSantis, D. L., Melgar-Martínez, A. I., Johnson, J. D., Fucsko, L. A., Lazcano, D., & Wilson, L. D. 2022. Anfibios y reptiles de la región de los Chimalapas, Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, México:: composición, categorización distribucional, estado de conservación y significado para la biodiversidad. Biología Y Sociedad, 5(10), 37–76 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1858. Catalogue of Colubrine snakes of the British Museum. London, I - XVI, 1 - 281 - get paper here
  • Jadin RC, Jowers MJ, Orlofske SA, Duellman WE, Blair C, Murphy JC 2021. A new vine snake (Reptilia, Colubridae, Oxybelis) from Peru and redescription of O. acuminatus. Evolutionary Systematics 5(1): 1-12 - get paper here
  • Jadin, R.C., Blair, C., Orlofske, S.A. et al. 2020. Not withering on the evolutionary vine: systematic revision of the Brown Vine Snake (Reptilia: Squamata: Oxybelis) from its northern distribution. Org Divers Evol (2020) - get paper here
  • Keiser, E. D., Jr. 1974. A systematic study of the neotropical vine snake Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler). Bull. Texas Mem. Mus. 22: 1-51.
  • Leyte-Manrique A, Mata-Silva V, Báez-Montes O, Fucsko LA, DeSantis DL, García-Padilla E, Rocha A, Johnson JD, Porras LW, Wilson LD. 2022. The herpetofauna of Guanajuato, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 16(2) [General Section: 133–180 (e321) - get paper here
  • Loc-Barragán JA, Smith GR, Woolrich-Piña GA, Lemos-Espinal JA 2024. An updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nayarit, Mexico with conservation status and comparison with adjoining States. Herpetozoa 37: 25-42 - get paper here
  • Loc-Barragán, J. A. 2024. Notes on the Herpetofauna of Nayarit, Mexico 6: Amphibians and Reptiles of the Municipality of Bahía de Banderas. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society, 59(5), 65-74
  • Loc-Barragán, J. A., & Ramírez-Silva, J. P. 2024. Notes on the Herpetofauna of Nayarit, Mexico 4: List of Reptiles Collected on María Madre Island, San Blas, Nayarit, Mexico, by Herr Alphonse Forrer. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society, 59(3), 49-52 - get paper here
  • Nolasco-Luna JR, Barraza-Soltero IK, López-Montes MA, Moreno-López JA, Escobedo-Galván AH 2022. An updated checklist of the herpetofauna from Isla María Cleofas, Mexico. Check List 18(1): 241-252 - get paper here
  • RAMOS-LEÓN, GERARDO; EDUARDO ROLDÁN-OLVERA, DANIEL GACHUZ, EDGAR HERNÁNDEZ-JUÁREZ, ANDRES RODRÍGUEZ-LÓPEZ, DAVID LAZCANO, LYDIA FUCSKO, LARRY WILSON & DANIEL CRUZ-SÁENZ. 2021. Notes on the Herpetofauna of Western Mexico 26: Predation by a Thornscrub Vine Snake (Oxybelis microphthalmus) on a Colima Giant Whiptail (Aspidoscelis communis) in Bosque de la Primavera, Jalisco, Mexico. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 56(11):1-3.
  • Rosas-Espinoza, V.C.; Rodríguez-Zaragoza, F.A.; Álvarez-Grzybowska, E.; Peña-Joya, K.E.; Santiago-Pérez, A.L.; Godoy-González, A.A.; Huerta-Martínez, F.M. 2024. Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of Reptiles in a Heterogeneous Landscape of Jalisco State, West-Central Mexico. Diversity 2024, 16, 394 - get paper here
  • Salcido-Rodríguez, Israel; Francisco Isaac Hernández-Valadez , Adriana Elizabeth Castillo-Franco , Daniel Cruz-Sáenz , Edgar Emmanuel Hernández-Juárez , David Lazcano , Lydia Allison Fucsko and Larry David Wilson 2023. Notes on the Herpetofauna of Western Mexico 31: Herpetofauna from Sierra de Tesistán, Zapopan,. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 58(10):165-171 - get paper here
  • Wagler, J. 1824. Serpentum Brasiliensium species novae, ou histoire naturelle des espèces nouvelles de serpens. In: Jean de Spix, Animalia nova sive species novae. [NAtrix bahiensis: 27,. Monaco, Typis Franc. Seraph. Hübschmanni, vii + 75 pp. - get paper here
  • WILLIAMS, SPENCER & JOSE ANGEL ARCE 2021. New Distributional Records from Mixtlán, an Undersampled Municipality in Jalisco, Mexico. Herpetological Review 52 (2): 359–361
  • Zweifel,R.G. and Norris,K.S. 1955. Contributions to the herpetology of Sonora, Mexico:Descriptions of new subspecies of snakes (Micruroides euryxanthus and Lampropeltis getulus) and miscellaneous collecting notes. American Midland Naturalist 54: 230-249 - get paper here
 
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