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Oxybelis vittatus (GIRARD, 1854)

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymDryophis vittatus GIRARD 1854: 226
Dryinus aeneus – WAGLER 1824: 12
Oxybelis aeneus auratus – BOGERT & OLIVER 1945: 381
Oxybelis aeneus – KEISER 1974: 7 (part)
Oxybelis vittatus — JADIN et al. 2020 
DistributionPanama likely southward into the Chocoan region of Colombia

auratus: Mexico (Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua)

Type locality: Taboga Island, Bay of Panama, Panama  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 7315 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A vine snake with (1) three upper labials (4–5–6) bordering the orbit; (2) black bars or spots present on the anterior body; (3) no stripes on the ventral surface; venter is mottled; (4) eye diameter greater than preocular; (5) second pair of chin shields separated by smaller scales for most of its length; (6) nine upper labials, three located behind the orbit; (7) snout from above narrow, tapered, and flat at rostral (snout type B); (8) supraocular slightly longer than prefrontals; (9) last upper labial longer than primary temporal; (10) lower surface of head uniform in color; and (11) second upper labial does not contact the preocular.
Tail is 0.7 of the SVL; the eye diameter is 1.4 times the length of the preocular scale and 0.93 of the internasal length. Primary temporal contacts both postoculars, the parietal, and two secondary temporals. Upper labials 6–7–8–9 contact the primary temporal. Ventral counts in males 179–197 (n = 15, x = 188.8, SD = 9.00). In females, ventral counts ranged from 184 to 203 (n = 20, x = 192.1, SD = 9.54). Subcaudal counts 154–188 in males (n = 12, x = 169.5, SD = 17.16) and 146–184 (n = 15, x = 168.2, SD = 19.08) in females. It has 17–20 maxillary teeth (Keiser 1974, Jadin et al. 2020).


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CommentSynonymy: Oxybelis vittatus has been considered a synonym of O. aeneus but was resurrected by Jadin et al. 2020. However, the step seems a bit preliminary given that Jadin et al. had only 1 sample of O. aeneus with a known locality in their phylogeny. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin “vittatus” for ribbon, or decorated by a ribbon, referring to the dorsal stripe in the species, and to some extent on the ventral side. 
References
  • Bogert, Charles M.; Oliver, James A. 1945. A preliminary analysis of the herpetofauna of Sonora. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 83 (6): 297-426 - get paper here
  • Girard, C. 1854. Report to Lieut. James M. Gillis, U.S.N. upon the reptiles collected during the U.S. naval astronomical expedition to Chile. Report US naval. astronomical expedition southern hemisphere House of Representatives Document 121, 33rd Congress, 2: 207–220
  • Girard, C. 1855. Abstract of a report to Lieut. James M. Gilliss, U.S.N., upon the reptiles collected during the U.S.N. Astronomical Expedition to Chili. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7 [1854]: 226-227. - get paper here
  • Jadin RC, Jowers MJ, Orlofske SA, Duellman WE, Blair C, Murphy JC 2021. A new vine snake (Reptilia, Colubridae, Oxybelis) from Peru and redescription of O. acuminatus. Evolutionary Systematics 5(1): 1-12 - get paper here
  • Jadin, R.C., Blair, C., Orlofske, S.A. et al. 2020. Not withering on the evolutionary vine: systematic revision of the Brown Vine Snake (Reptilia: Squamata: Oxybelis) from its northern distribution. Org Divers Evol (2020) - get paper here
  • Keiser, E. D., Jr. 1974. A systematic study of the neotropical vine snake Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler). Bull. Texas Mem. Mus. 22: 1-51.
  • Keiser, E. D., Jr. 1982. Oxybelis aeneus. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept. 305: 1-4. - get paper here
  • Wagler, J. 1824. Serpentum Brasiliensium species novae, ou histoire naturelle des espèces nouvelles de serpens. In: Jean de Spix, Animalia nova sive species novae. [NAtrix bahiensis: 27,. Monaco, Typis Franc. Seraph. Hübschmanni, vii + 75 pp. - get paper here
 
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