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Palea steindachneri (SIEBENROCK, 1906)

IUCN Red List - Palea steindachneri - Endangered, EN
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Higher TaxaTrionychidae (Trionychinae), Trionychoidea, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Wattle-necked Soft-shelled Turtle
G: Nackendornen-Weichschildkröte
Chinese: 山瑞鳖 
SynonymTrionyx steindachneri SIEBENROCK 1906: 579
Trionyx steindachneri — SIEBENROCK 1907: 491
Amyda steindachneri — SCHMIDT 1927: 399
Palea steindachneri — MEYLAN 1987: 77
Trionyx steindachneri — ALDERTON 1988
Palea steindachneri — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989
Palea steindachneri — CROTHER 2000
Pelodiscus steindachneri — PRITCHARD 2001: 8
Palea steindachneri — ZIEGLER 2002: 159
Palea steindachneri — TTWG 2014
Palea steindachneri — TTWG 2021 
DistributionChina (from Kwangtung, Kwangsi, and Hainan Island southwestward, Yunnan [HR 31: 111]),
Vietnam,
USA (introduced to Hawaii on Kauai and Oahu); introduced to Mauritius (fide GLAW, pers. comm.)

Type locality: "Kau-Kong Fluss" (= Gaugong), Hainan Island, People's Republic of China  
Reproduction 
TypesHolotype: NMW 20373. 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2906 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentDistribution: It remains unclear whether the introduced population on Mauritius still exists.

Type species: Trionyx steindachneri SIEBENROCK 1906: 579 is the type species of the genus Palea MEYLAN 1987: 77.

Habitat: freshwater (rivers and tributaries, lakes) 
EtymologyNamed after Franz Steindachner (1834-1919), Austrian zoologist. Obituary in Pietschmann (1919).

The genus was named after Latin palea, chaff, husk; the wattles or gills of a cock. [“...From the Latin palea, meaning wattles, in reference to the autapomorphic structures on the neck...”]. 
References
  • Alderton, D. 1988. Turtles and tortoises of the world. Facts on File, New York.
  • Anonymous 2016. Testudinate China [in both English and Chinese] Testudinate Industry Branch of the China Fishery Association, published on occasion of WCH8; author not explicitly stated, 54 pp.
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Bonin, F., Devaux, B. & Dupré, A. 2006. Turtles of the World. English translation by P.C.H. Pritchard. Johns Hopkins University Press, 416 pp.
  • Bour, R. 2008. Global diversity of turtles (Chelonii; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:593–598 - get paper here
  • Bu, Rongping; Jian Wang, Liu Lin, Jichao Wang, Fanrong Xiao & Hai-Tao Shi 2023. Annotated Checklist of Nonmarine Turtles of Hainan Island, China. Chelonian Conservation and Biology Jun 2023 Vol. 22, No. 1: 80-88 - get paper here
  • Ernst, Carl H.; Lovich, Jeffrey E. 2009. Turtles of the United States and Canada, 2nd edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, 827 pp. - get paper here
  • Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248
  • Kowalski, T., W. Grossmann, H.-J. ZILGER & B.-M. ZWANZIG 2011. Herpetologische Beobachtungen im Sultanat Oman: Das Saiq - Plateau im Jebel al - Akhdar. Sauria 33 (1): 29-50 - get paper here
  • Le Duc, Olivier; Thong Pham Van, Benjamin Leprince, Cedric Bordes, Vinh Luu Quang, Oahn Lo Van, Anh Nguyen Thi Tam, Linh Luong Thi Khanh, Son Pham Ngoc, Luca Luiselli 2020. Farming Characteristics and the Ecology of Palea steindachneri (Trionychidae) in Vietnam. Russian Journal of Herpetology 27 (2): 97-108 - get paper here
  • Li, H., Liu, J., Xiong, L., Zhang, H., Zhou, H., Yin, H., Jing, W., Li, J., Shi, Q., Wang, Y., Liu, J. and Nie, L. 2017. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence dates of softshell turtles (Testudines: Trionychidae) inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes. J. Evol. Biol., doi:10.1111/jeb.13070 - get paper here
  • Lourenço, João M.; Julien Claude, Nicolas Galtier, Ylenia Chiari 2011. Dating cryptodiran nodes: Origin and diversification of the turtle superfamily Testudinoidea. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62 (1): - get paper here
  • Mckeown, Sean 1996. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians in the Hawaiian Islands. Diamond Head Publishing, Inc., Los Osos, CA,
  • Mell,R. 1938. Beiträge zur Fauna Sinica. VI. Aus der Biologie chinesischer Schildkröten. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, N.F., 7 (3): 390-475. - get paper here
  • Meylan, P.A. 1987. The phylogenetic relationships of soft-shelled turtles (Family Trionychidae). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 186 (1):1-101. - get paper here
  • Nguyen, S.V., Ho, C.T. and Nguyen, T.Q. 2009. Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 768 pp.
  • Pham, V. A., Nguyen, Q. T., Tran, V. T., Le Duc, M., Nguyen, T. A., Nguyen, K. B. T., ... & Doan, T. N. M. 2023. Threatened Species of Amphibians and Reptiles from Son La Province and Their Conservation Values. VNU Journal of Science: Earth and Environmental Sciences, 39(1) - get paper here
  • Pietschmann, V. 1919. Franz Steindachner. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 33: 47-48 - get paper here
  • Rudolphi, Michael and Ronald Weser. 1998. Die Weichschildkröten Nordvietnams unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Nackendornen-Weichschildkröte, Palea steindachneri (Siebenrock, 1906). Sauria 20 (1): 2-14. - get paper here
  • Schmidt, K.P. 1927. The reptiles of Hainan. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 54(3): 395-466 (-575?) - get paper here
  • Siebenrock, F. 1906. Zur Kenntnis der Schildkrötenfauna der Insel Hainan. Zool. Anz. 30: 578-586 - get paper here
  • Siebenrock, F. 1907. Über einige zum Teil seltene Schildkröten aus Südchina. Akad. Anz. Wien 44: 491-492 - get paper here
  • TTWG [Peter Paul van Dijk, John B. Iverson, Anders G.J. Rhodin, H. Bradley Shaffer, and Roger Bour] 2014. Turtles of the World, 7th Edition: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution with Maps, and Conservation Status. 000.v7. Chelonian Research Monographs (ISSN 1088-7105) No. 5, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v7.2014 - get paper here
  • TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here
  • Valverde, J. 2007. Weichschildkröten. Reptilia (Münster) 12 (68): 16-23 - get paper here
  • Wang K, Lyu ZT, Wang J, Qi S, Che J 2022. Updated Checklist and Zoogeographic Division of the Reptilian Fauna of Yunnan Province, China. Biodiversity Science 30 (4): 21326, 1–31 - get paper here
  • Wang, Kai; Jinlong Ren, Hongman Chen, Zhitong Lyu, Xianguang Guo Ke Jiang, Jinmin Chen, Jiatang Li, Peng Guo, Yingyong Wang, Jing Che 2020. The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of China. Biodiversity Science 28 (2): 189-218 - get paper here
  • Ziegler, T. 2002. Die Amphibien und Reptilien eines Tieflandfeuchtwald-Schutzgebietes in Vietnam. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 342 pp. - get paper here
  • ZUG, G.R. 2013. Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands. University of California Press, Berkeley, 306 pp. - get paper here
 
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