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Panaspis cabindae (BOCAGE, 1866)

IUCN Red List - Panaspis cabindae - Data Deficient, DD
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Higher TaxaScincidae, Eugongylinae (Eugongylini), Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Cabinda Snake-eyed Skink, Cabinda Lidless Skink 
SynonymAblepharus cabindae BOCAGE 1866: 45, 64
Panaspis aeneus COPE 1868
Ablepharus aeneus — BOULENGER 1887: 352
Ablepharus cabindae — BOULENGER 1897: 277
Ablepharus cabindae — SCHMIDT 1919: 564
Ablepharus cabindae — DE WITTE 1936
Riopa (Panaspis) cabindae — SMITH 1937: 229
Panaspis cabindae — GREER 1974: 29
Panaspis cabindae — BROADLEY 1989
Panaspis cabindae — BROADLEY 1998
Panaspis cabindae — MEDINA et al. 2016
Panaspis cabindae — CERÍACO et al. 2020
Panaspis cabindae — LOBÓN-ROVIRA et al. 2025 
DistributionW Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire), Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville), Angola (Cabinda, Zaire, Uíge, Luanda, Bengo, Benguela, Malanje, Lunda, Kwanza Norte, Kwanza Sul, Bié, Namibe,

Type locality: Cabinda, West Africa  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: lost, formerly MB; Paratypes: MB, lost (Museu Bocage, Lisbon Museum)
Holotype: lost fide Ceríaco et la. 2020 [aeneus] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Panaspis cabindae can be distinguished from other members of the genus occurring in Angola and surrounding regions by having (1)presence of supranasals; (2) pre-ablepharine eye (as defined by Greer 1974); (3) frontoparietals separated; dorsum coppery-brown, with four very vague longitudinal stripes extending approximately to midbody, and a thin darker band starting on the temporals and extending to midbody; 5) absence of rows of light spots on the neck; 6) absence of a white ventrolateral stripe; 7) 23 to 26 midbody scales rows (Figs. 8–9, Ceríaco et al. 2020: 92-94).


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CommentType Species: Panaspis aeneus COPE 1868 (= Ablepharus cabindae) is the type species of the genus Panaspis COPE 1868. The status of aeneus is problematic as no specific type locality is known and the type is lost.

Synonymy mainly after SOARES et al. 2018

Reference images: see Uetz et al. 2024 for high-resolution reference images for this species. 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality.

The genus was named after Greek pan (πᾶν), all, every + Greek aspis (ἀσπίς), shield; "completely shielded," por las escamas del cuerpo. [“…Allied to Morethia Gray, differing only in the distinctness of the fronto parietals from each other and from the interparietal, all three being united in the latter genus..."]. 
References
  • Bocage, J. V. B. 1866. Reptiles nouveaux ou peu connus recueillis dans les possessions portugaises de l'Afrique occidentale, que se trouvent au Muséum de Lisbonne. Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa 1: 57-78. - get paper here
  • Bocage,J.V. du B. 1866. Lista dos reptis das possessões portuguezas d'Africa occidental que existem no Museu Lisboa. Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa 1: 37-56 - get paper here
  • Bocage,J.V. du B. 1867. Segunda lista dos reptis das possessões portuguezas d’Africa occidental que existem no Museu de Lisboa. Jornal de Sci. math. phys. e nat. Lisboa (3): 217-228 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G. A. 1897. A list of reptiles and batrachians from the Congo Free State, with the description of two new snakes. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 19: 276-281 - get paper here
  • Broadley, D G 1989. A reappraisal of the genus Panaspis Cope, with the description of a new species of Leptosiaphos (Reptilia: Scincidae) from Tanzania. Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9 (32) 1989: 439-449
  • Broadley, D.G. 1998. The reptilian fauna of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa). In: Schmidt, K.P. and Noble, G.K., Contributions to the Herpetology of the Belgian Congo... [reprint of the 1919 and 1923 papers]. SSAR Facsimile reprints in Herpetology, 780 pp.
  • CERÍACO, LUIS M. P.; MATTHEW P. HEINICKE, KELLY L. PARKER, MARIANA P. MARQUES, AARON M. BAUER 2020. A review of the African snake-eyed skinks (Scincidae: Panaspis) from Angola, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 4747 (1): 77–112 - get paper here
  • Ernst R, Lautenschläger T, Branquima MF, Hölting M 2020. At the edge of extinction: a first herpetological assessment of the proposed Serra do Pingano Rainforest National Park in Uíge Province, northern Angola. Zoosystematics and Evolution 96(1): 237-262 - get paper here
  • Greer, A.E. 1974. The generic relationships of the scincid lizard genus Leiolopisma and its relatives. Australian Journal of Zoology 31: 1-67. - get paper here
  • Lobón-Rovira, Javier; Ninda L. Baptista, Tyron Clark, Luke Verburgt, Greg Jongsma, Werner Conradie, Luis Veríssimo & Pedro Vaz Pinto (0 Jan 2025. Filling the gaps: herpetological checklist of Mayombe National Park and Cabinda Province (Angola) shed light on one of the most unexplored corners of tropical Central Africa, African Journal of Herpetology, - get paper here
  • Marques MP, Parrinha D, Lopes-Lima M, Tiutenko A, Bauer AM, Ceríaco LMP 2024. An island in a sea of sand: a first checklist of the herpetofauna of the Serra da Neve inselberg, southwestern Angola. ZooKeys 1201: 167-217 - get paper here
  • Marques MP, Parrinha D, Lopes-Lima M, Tiutenko A, Bauer AM, Ceríaco LMP 2024. A treasure trove of endemics: two new species of snake-eyed skinks of the genus Panaspis Cope, 1868 (Squamata, Scincidae) from the Serra da Neve Inselberg, southwestern Angola. Evolutionary Systematics 8(2): 167-182 - get paper here
  • Marques, Mariana P.; Luis M. P. Ceríaco , David C. Blackburn , and Aaron M. Bauer 2018. Diversity and Distribution of the Amphibians and Terrestrial Reptiles of Angola -- Atlas of Historical and Bibliographic Records (1840–2017). Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 4) 65: 1-501 (Supplement II)
  • Medina, Maria F.; Aaron M. Bauer, William R. Branch, Andreas Schmitz, Werner Conradie, Zoltan T. Nagy, Toby J. Hibbitts, Raffael Ernst, Daniel M. Portik, Stuart V. Nielsen, Timothy J. Colston, Chifundera Kusamba, Mathias Behangana, Mark-Oliver Rödel, 2016. Molecular phylogeny of Panaspis and Afroablepharus skinks (Squamata: Scincidae) in the savannas of sub-Saharan Africa. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 100: 409–423, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.026 - get paper here
  • SANTOS, B. S. .,MARQUES, M. P. ., BAUER, A. M. ., & CERÍACO, L. M. P. . 2021. Herpetological results of Francisco Newton’s Zoological Expedition to Angola (1903–1906): a taxonomic revision and new records of a forgotten collection. Zootaxa 5028 (1): 1–80 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, Karl Patterson 1919. Contributions to the Herpetology of the Belgian Congo based on the Collection of the American Congo Expedition, 1909-1915. Part I: turtles, crocodiles, lizards, and chamaeleons. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39 (2): 385-624 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1937. A review of the genus Lygosoma (Scincidae: Reptilia) and its allies. Records of the Indian Museum 39 (3): 213-234
  • Soares, Leonor B.; Luis M. P. Ceríaco, Mariana P. Marques, Cristiane Bastos-Silveira, Lauren A. Scheinberg, D. James Harris, António Brehm & José Jesus 2018. Review of the leaf-litter skinks (Scincidae: Panaspis) from the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands, with the description of a new species,. African Journal of Herpetology 67 (2): 132-159, DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2017.1413015 - get paper here
  • Uetz, P.H.; Patel, M.; Gbadamosi, Z.; Nguyen, A.; Shoope, S. 2024. A Reference Database of Reptile Images. Taxonomy 4: 723–732 - get paper here
  • Witte, G. F. de 1933. Reptiles récoltés au Conge Belge par le Dr. H. Schouteden et par M. G.-F. Witte. Ann. Mus. Conge belge Zool. Ser. 1 Tome III: 53-100.
  • Witte, Gaston-Fr. de 1936. Description d'une espéce nouvelle du genre Ablepharus provenant du Congo belge. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 29 (1): 29-33
 
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