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Panolopus oreistes SCHWARTZ, 1964

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Higher TaxaDiploglossidae, Diploglossa, Anguimorpha, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Hispaniolan Smooth Galliwasp, Common Hispaniolan Galliwasp 
SynonymDiploglossus costatus oreistes SCHWARTZ 1964: 25
Celestus costatus oreistes — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 96
Celestus costatus oreistes — HEDGES et al. 2019
Panolopus costatus oreistes — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021 (by implication)
Panolopus oreistes — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2024: 200 
DistributionSE Haiti, Montagne Noire and Massif de la Selle (and associated lowlands), east into República Dominicana (Sierra de Baoruco) to east coast of Peninsula de Barahona.

Type locality: Oriani, Departement du Sud-Est, Haiti (18.317, -71.933; 1,544 m).  
Reproductionovoviviparous 
TypesHolotype: MCZ 3606.
Holotype: USNM 197323 [aenetergum]
Holotype: MCZ 77158 [chalcorhabdus]
Holotype: USNM 167300, adult female; paratypes: CM, USNM, MCZ [emys]
Holotype: MCZ 77154 [leionotus]
Holotype: MCZ 77157 [melanchrous]
Holotype: MCZ 77155 [neiba]
Holotype: MCZ 77153 [nesobous]
Holotype: MCZ 74940 [oreistes]
Holotype: MCZ 12457 [phoxinus]
Holotype: MCZ 77156 [psychonothes]
Holotype: CM 52285, adult female [saonae] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (oreistes: A subspecies of D. costatus characterized by dorsal pattern
of dots (Fig. 7), or dorsum without pattern, chin and throat regularly darkly pigmented, and having the angular subocular usually between supra-labials 6 and 7 or 4 and 5 at least unilaterally (83.8%). (Schwartz 1964)


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CommentHabitat: Comptus and Panolopus have both ground and tree-adapted ecomorphs (Schools et al. 2022).

Distribution: for a map see Schools & Hedges 2024: 134 (Fig. 49)

Similar species: Panolopus oreistes and P. costatus can only be separated by the area of the nasal scale by the SVL (1.06–1.57 [n=14] versus 1.59–2.03 [n=4]). Panolopus oreistes and P. leionotus cannot be distinguished based on morphology; however, both species are morphologically distinct from their respective closest relative (P. costatus and P. semitaeniatus sp. nov., respectively). Panolopus oreistes and P. melanchrous cannot be distinguished based on morphology (Schools & Hedges 2024) 
EtymologyPossibly named after Greek orestes = mountaineer, given that this subspecies is an "upland" form. the name is not explained by Schwartz 1964. 
References
  • Barbour, Thomas 1919. Herpetological notes. Proc. New England zool. Club 7: 7-13 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1898. Third report on additions to the lizard collection in the Natural History Museum. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1898: 912-923. - get paper here
  • Cochran, D.M. 1941. The herpetology of Hispaniola. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 177: vii + 398 pp. - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1862. On the genera Panolopus, Centropyx, Aristelliger and Sphaerodactylus. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13: 494-500. [1861] - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1868. An examination of the Reptilia and Batrachia obtained by the Orton Expedition to Equador and the Upper Amazon, with notes on other species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 20: 96-140 - get paper here
  • Fischer, J.G. 1886. Über zwei neue Eidechsen des naturhistorischen Museums zu Hamburg. Jahrb. wiss. Anst. Hamburg 3:1-7. - get paper here
  • Greer, A.E. 1967. Notes on the mode of reproduction in anguid lizards. Herpetologica 23 (2): 94-99 - get paper here
  • Mertens, R. 1939. Herpetologische Ergebnisse einer Reise nach der Insel Hispaniola, Westindien. Abh. senckenb. naturf. Ges. (Frankfurt) 449: 1-84.
  • Powell, Robert; José A. Ottenwalder and Sixto J. Incháustegui 1999. The Hispaniolan Herpetofauna: Diversity, Endemism, and Historical Perpectives, with Comments on Navassa Island. In Crother, Caribbean Amphibians and Reptiles, Academic Press, pp. 93-168 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, K. P. 1921. Notes on the herpetology of Santo Domingo. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 44: 7-20. - get paper here
  • SCHOOLS, M., & HEDGES, S. B. 2024. A new forest lizard fauna from Caribbean islands (Squamata, Diploglossidae, Celestinae). Zootaxa 5554(1): 1-306 - get paper here
  • Schools, M., Kasprowicz, A., & Hedges, S. B. 2022. Phylogenomic data resolve the historical biogeography and ecomorphs of Neotropical forest lizards (Squamata, Diploglossidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 107577 - get paper here
  • SCHOOLS, MOLLY & S. BLAIR HEDGES 2021. Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the Neotropical forest lizards (Squamata, Diploglossidae). Zootaxa 4974 (2): 201–257 - get paper here
  • Schwartz, A. 1971. A new species of bromeliad-inhabiting galliwasp (Sauria: Anguidae) from Jamaica. Breviora (371): 1-10 - get paper here
  • Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp.
  • Schwartz,A. 1964. Diploglossus costatus Cope (Sauria: Anguidae) and its relatives in Hispaniola. Reading Public Museum and Art Gallery Sci. Publ. 13: 1-57
  • Schwartz,A. & JACOBS,J.F. 1989. A new subspecies of Celestus costatus (Sauria: Anguidae) from the República Dominicana. Journal of Herpetology 23 (2): 193-195 - get paper here
  • Thomas, R. and S. B. Hedges. 1989. A new Celestus (Sauria: Anguidae) from the Chaine de Ia Selle of Haiti. Copeia 1989 (4): 886-891 - get paper here
  • Werner,F. 1910. Über neue oder seltene Reptilien des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg. ii. Eidechsen. Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst., vol. 27 (1909), suppl. no. 2, 1910, pp. 1-46; reprinted: 1910, Mitteil. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, vol. 27: 205-) - get paper here
 
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