Panolopus costatus COPE, 1862

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Higher Taxa	Diploglossidae, Diploglossa, Anguimorpha, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies	Panolopus costatus costatus COPE 1862 Panolopus costatus aenetergum (SCHWARTZ & JACOBS 1989) Panolopus costatus emys (SCHWARTZ 1971) Panolopus costatus saonae (SCHWARTZ 1964) Panolopus costatus chalcorhabdus (SCHWARTZ 1964) Panolopus costatus leionotus (SCHWARTZ 1964) Panolopus costatus nesobous (SCHWARTZ 1964) Panolopus costatus oreistes (SCHWARTZ 1964) Panolopus costatus neiba (SCHWARTZ 1964) Panolopus costatus psychonothes (SCHWARTZ 1964) Panolopus costatus melanchrous (SCHWARTZ 1964)
Common Names	E: Hispaniolan Smooth Galliwasp, Common Hispaniolan Galliwasp
Synonym	Panolopus costatus COPE 1862: 494 Celestus phoxinus COPE 1868: 125 Panolopus costatus — BOULENGER 1885: 295 Diploglossus ohlendorffi FISCHER 1886 Diploglossus nuchalis BOULENGER 1898: 920 Diploglossus nuchalis — WERNER 1910: 27 Celestus costatus — BARBOUR 1919: 12 Celestus costatus — MERTENS 1939: 70 Celestus costatus — COCHRAN 1941 Celestus costatus — THOMAS & HEDGES 1989 Diploglossus costatus — SCHWARTZ 1964 Celestus costatus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 368 Celestus costatus — POWELL et al. 1999 Diploglossus costatus — LANGNER 2019 Panolopus costatus — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021 Panolopus costatus aenetergum (SCHWARTZ & JACOBS 1989) Celestus costatus aenetergum — POWELL & HENDERSON 2012 Panolopus costatus aenetergum — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021 (by implication) Panolopus costatus chalcorhabdus (SCHWARTZ 1964) Diploglossus costatus chalcorhabdus SCHWARTZ 1964: 37 Celestus costatus chalcorhabdus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 94 Celestus costatus chalcorhabdus — HEDGES et al. 2019 Panolopus costatus chalcorhabdus — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021 (by implication) Panolopus costatus emys (SCHWARTZ 1971) Diploglossus costatus emys SCHWARTZ 1971 Celestus costatus emys — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 94 Celestus costatus emys — HEDGES et al. 2019 Panolopus costatus emys — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021 (by implication) Panolopus costatus leionotus (SCHWARTZ 1964) Diploglossus costatus leionotus SCHWARTZ 1964: 28 Celestus costatus leionotus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 95 Celestus costatus leionotus — HEDGES et al. 2019 Panolopus costatus leionotus — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021 (by implication) Panolopus costatus melanchrous (SCHWARTZ 1964) Diploglossus costatus melanchrous SCHWARTZ 1964: 34 Celestus costatus melanchrous — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 95 Celestus costatus melanchrous — HEDGES et al. 2019 Panolopus costatus melanchrous — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021 (by implication) Panolopus costatus neiba (SCHWARTZ 1964) Diploglossus costatus neiba SCHWARTZ 1964: 30 Celestus costatus neiba — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 95 Celestus costatus neiba — HEDGES et al. 2019 Panolopus costatusneiba — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021 (by implication) Panolopus costatus nesobous (SCHWARTZ 1964) Diploglossus costatus nesobous SCHWARTZ 1964: 23 Celestus costatus nesobous — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 96 Celestus costatus nesobous — HEDGES et al. 2019 Panolopus costatus nesobous — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021 (by implication) Panolopus costatus oreistes (SCHWARTZ 1964) Diploglossus costatus oreistes SCHWARTZ 1964: 25 Celestus costatus oreistes — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 96 Celestus costatus oreistes — HEDGES et al. 2019 Panolopus costatus oreistes — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021 (by implication) Panolopus costatus psychonothes (SCHWARTZ 1964) Diploglossus costatus psychonothes SCHWARTZ 1964: 32 Celestus costatus psychonothes — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 96 Celestus costatus psychonothes — HEDGES et al. 2019 Panolopus costatus psychonothes — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021 (by implication) Panolopus costatus saonae (SCHWARTZ 1971) Diploglossus costatus saonae SCHWARTZ 1971 Celestus costatus saonae — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Panolopus costatus saonae — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021 (by implication) Celestus costatus saonae — HEDGES et al. 2019
Distribution	Hispaniola, Ile de la Tortue, Ile-a-Vache, Isla Saona, Isla Catalina, Navassa Antilles, Haiti, Dominican Republic aenetergum: Isla Catalinita costatus: Tiburon Peninsula in Haiti. Type locality: Near Jérémie, Département de la Grand'Anse, Haiti. chalcorhabdus: extreme eastern República Dominicana. Type locality: 0.9 mi. SE El Macao, La Altagracia Province, Republica Dominicana. emys: Île de la Tortue. Type locality: Palmiste, Ile de la Tortue, Haiti. leionotus: República Dominicana, Valle de San Juan and intermontane valleys in Sierra de Neiba, east to Llanos de Azua and southern slopes of Cordillera Central. Type locality: 15 km SE San Juan, San Juan Pro- vince, Republica Dominicana. melanchrous: north-central and eastern Haiti, east to Peninsula de Samaná, República Dominicana; inland to Hato Mayor, Monte Plata, San Cristóbal, Peravia, Monseñor Nouel, and La Vega provinces. Type locality: 8 km E Gaspar Hernandez, Espaillat Province, Republica Dominicana. neiba: Sierra de Neiba, República Dominicana. Type locality: 19 km SW Hondo Valle, 6100 ft., Elias Piiia Province, Republica Dominicana nesobous: Île-à-Vache. Type locality: Western end, Ile-a-Vache, Haiti. oreistes: southeastern Haiti, Montagne Noire and Massif de la Selle (and associated lowlands), east into República Dominicana (Sierra de Baoruco) to east coast of Peninsula de Barahona. Type locality: Oriani, Departement du Sud-Est, Haiti. psychonothes: interior Cordillera Central, República Dominicana. Type locality: 1 mi. S Constanza, 4000 ft., La Vega Province, Republica Dominicana saonae: Isla Saona. Type locality: 0.5 mi. W Mano Juan, Isla Saona, Republica Dominicana INCERTAE SEDIS: Material from north-central Haiti (Jean Bernard, Grande Rivière du Nord, Marmelade) unassigned to subspecies.
Reproduction	ovovivparous
Types	Holotype: MCZ 3606. Holotype: USNM 197323 [aenetergum] Holotype: MCZ 77158 [chalcorhabdus] Holotype: USNM 167300 [emys] Holotype: MCZ 77154 [leionotus] Holotype: MCZ 77157 [melanchrous] Holotype: MCZ 77155 [neiba] Holotype: MCZ 77153 [nesobous] Holotype: MCZ 74940 [oreistes] Holotype: MCZ 12457 [phoxinus] Holotype: MCZ 77156 [psychonothes] Holotype: CM 52285 [saonae]
Diagnosis	Diagnosis (genus Panolopus). Species of Panolopus have (1) claw sheath, absent, (2) contact between the nasal and rostral scales, absent, (3) scales in contact with the nasal scale, four, (4) postnasal scales, one, (5) position of the nostril in the nasal scale, central, (6) keels on dorsal body scales, absent, (7) digits per limb, five, (8) longest toe lamellae, 12–22, (9) dorsal scale rows, 83–100, (10) relative head width, 10.6–15.5, (11) relative rostral height, 37.6–51.9, (12) relative frontonasal length, 1.93–2.94, (13) relative interparietal distance, 0.0691–0.911, (14) relative axilla-groin distance, 49.7–59.6. From Advenus gen. nov., we distinguish Panolopus by the absence of a claw sheath (present in Advenus gen. nov.) and the relative axilla-groin distance (49.7–59.6 versus 60.0). From Caribicus gen. nov., we distinguish Panolopus by the absence of keels on the dorsal body scales (present in Caribicus gen. nov.), the relative frontonasal length (1.93–2.94 versus 2.98–3.32), and the relative axilla-groin distance (49.7–59.6 versus 67.1–69.1). From Celestus, we distinguish Panolopus by the relative axilla-groin distance (49.7–59.6 versus 60.9–66.4). From Comptus gen. nov., we distinguish Panolopus by the absence of keels on the dorsal scales (present in Comptus gen. nov.), relative rostral height (37.6–51.9 versus 53.2–65.5), and relative frontonasal length (1.93–2.94 versus 2.95–3.65). From Sauresia, we distinguish Panolopus by the absence of a claw sheath (present in Sauresia), digits per limb (five versus four), dorsal scale rows (83–100 versus 101–127), and the relative axilla-groin distance (49.7–59.6 versus 63.9–69.9). From Wetmorena, we distinguish Panolopus by the absence of a claw sheath (present in Wetmorena), the digits per limb (five versus four), and the relative axilla-groin distance (49.7–59.6 versus 59.9–71.4). Additional details (579 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	For illustrations see Fischer, 1886 (as Diploglossus ohlendorffii); Cochran, 1941 (as C. badius); Schwartz, 1964; not Mertens, 1939, or Cochran, 1941 (as C. costatus). Subspecies: Celestus costatus badius has been elevated to species status. Type species: Panolopus costatus COPE 1862: 494 is the type species of the genus Panolopus Cope 1862. Habitat: Comptus and Panolopus have both ground and tree-adapted ecomorphs (Schools et al. 2022).
References	Barbour, Thomas 1919. Herpetological notes. Proc. New England zool. Club 7: 7-13 - get paper here Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here Boulenger, G.A. 1898. Third report on additions to the lizard collection in the Natural History Museum. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1898: 912-923. - get paper here Cochran, D.M. 1941. The herpetology of Hispaniola. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 177: vii + 398 pp. - get paper here Cope, E.D. 1862. On the genera Panolopus, Centropyx, Aristelliger and Sphaerodactylus. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13: 494-500. [1861] - get paper here Cope, E.D. 1868. An examination of the Reptilia and Batrachia obtained by the Orton Expedition to Equador and the Upper Amazon, with notes on other species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 20: 96-140 - get paper here Fischer, J.G. 1886. Über zwei neue Eidechsen des naturhistorischen Museums zu Hamburg. Jahrb. wiss. Anst. Hamburg 3:1-7. - get paper here Greer, A.E. 1967. Notes on the mode of reproduction in anguid lizards. Herpetologica 23 (2): 94-99 - get paper here Mertens, R. 1939. Herpetologische Ergebnisse einer Reise nach der Insel Hispaniola, Westindien. Abh. senckenb. naturf. Ges. (Frankfurt) 449: 1-84. Powell, Robert; José A. Ottenwalder and Sixto J. Incháustegui 1999. The Hispaniolan Herpetofauna: Diversity, Endemism, and Historical Perpectives, with Comments on Navassa Island. In Crother, Caribbean Amphibians and Reptiles, Academic Press, pp. 93-168 - get paper here Schmidt, K. P. 1921. Notes on the herpetology of Santo Domingo. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 44: 7-20. - get paper here Schools, M., Kasprowicz, A., & Hedges, S. B. 2022. Phylogenomic data resolve the historical biogeography and ecomorphs of Neotropical forest lizards (Squamata, Diploglossidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 107577 - get paper here SCHOOLS, MOLLY & S. BLAIR HEDGES 2021. Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the Neotropical forest lizards (Squamata, Diploglossidae). Zootaxa 4974 (2): 201–257 - get paper here Schwartz, A. 1971. A new species of bromeliad-inhabiting galliwasp (Sauria: Anguidae) from Jamaica. Breviora (371): 1-10 - get paper here Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp. Schwartz,A. 1964. Diploglossus costatus Cope (Sauria: Anguidae) and its relatives in Hispaniola. Reading Public Museum and Art Gallery Sci. Publ. 13: 1-57 Schwartz,A. & JACOBS,J.F. 1989. A new subspecies of Celestus costatus (Sauria: Anguidae) from the República Dominicana. Journal of Herpetology 23 (2): 193-195 - get paper here Thomas, R. and S. B. Hedges. 1989. A new Celestus (Sauria: Anguidae) from the Chaine de Ia Selle of Haiti. Copeia 1989 (4): 886-891 - get paper here Werner,F. 1910. Über neue oder seltene Reptilien des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg. ii. Eidechsen. Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst., vol. 27 (1909), suppl. no. 2, 1910, pp. 1-46; reprinted: 1910, Mitteil. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, vol. 27: 205-) - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.kingsnake.com/westindian/diapsida1.html http://artsci.wustl.edu/~reglor/lizardgall/lizardgall.html Google images

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