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Pantherophis guttatus (LINNAEUS, 1766)

IUCN Red List - Pantherophis guttatus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Lampropeltini, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Red Cornsnake, Eastern Corn snake
G: Gewöhnliche Kornnatter 
SynonymColuber guttatus LINNAEUS 1766: 385
Coluber maculatus BONNATERRE 1790: 19
Coluber compressus DONNDORF 1798: 206
Coluber carolinianus SHAW 1802: 460
Coluber molossus DAUDIN 1803: 269
Coluber pantherinus DAUDIN 1803: 318
Coluber floridanus HARLAN 1827: 360
Pantherophis guttata FITZINGER 1843
Scotophis guttatus — BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 78
Elaphis guttatus — DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 273
Coryphodon Pantherinus DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 181
Elaphis guttatus — GARMAN 1884: 55
Coluber guttatus sellatus COPE 1888: 387
Coluber rosaceus COPE 1888: 388
Coluber guttatus — BOULENGER 1894: 39
Callopeltis guttatus — LOENNBERG 1894
Coluber laetus — BOULENGER 1894: 49
Coluber guttatus — COPE 1900: 833
Coluber guttatus sellatus — COPE 1900: 836
Coluber rosaceus — COPE 1900: 837
Elaphe laeta — BURT 1935
Elaphe laeta — WOODBURY 1942
Elaphe emoryi intermontana WOODBURY & WOODBURY 1942
Elaphe laeta laeta — TAYLOR 1949: 203
Elaphe guttata — STEBBINS 1985: 186
Elaphe guttata guttata — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 194
Elaphe guttata — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 600
Elaphe guttata — LINER 1994
Elaphe guttata — SCHULZ 1996: 281
Elaphe guttata rosacea — COWLES 1996
Elaphe guttata guttata — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 392
Pantherophis guttatus — UTIGER et al. 2002
Elaphe guttata — GIBBONS & DORCAS 2005
Pituophis guttatus — BURBRINK 2007
Pantherophis guttatus — COLLINS & TAGGART 2008
Pantherophis guttatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 529
Pantherophis gutattus — KRAVCHUK & WATSON 2020 (in error) 
DistributionUSA (Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, South Carolina, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Nebraska, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, West Virginia, New Jersey, Florida, Texas, Louisiana, Georgia),
Cayman I, US Virgin Islands, Anguilla, Antigua, St. Bartélmy (Saint Barthélemy) (POWELL & HENDERSON 2003)

Introduced to Brazil (Bahia)

Type locality: “Carolina” (Linnaeus, 1766); restricted to USA: South Carolina, Charleston County, vicinity of Charleston (Dowling, 1952)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: UUZM (= ZMUU) 147 (Zoological Museum of Uppsala)
Holotype: ANSP 3875; east Florida [Coluber floridanus HARLAN 1827]
Syntypes: USNM 9692, 5507 [Coluber guttatus sellatus]
Holotype: USNM 14418 [Coluber rosaceus]
Syntype: USNM 391 [Coryphodon pantherinus] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (909 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSubspecies: Elaphe guttata emoryi (Baird & Girard 1853) has been elvated to full species status.

Type species: Coluber guttatus LINNAEUS 1766 is the type species of the genus Pantherophis FITZINGER 1843: 25.

Hybrids: BRÖER (1977) reports a hybrid between E. guttata guttata and E. obsoleta quadrivittata. KREUTZ (2005) reports hybrids between E. guttata and Lampropeltis getulus californiae, between E. guttata and L. pyromelana, and between E. guttata and L. triangulum sinaloae. Bechtel & Mountain (1960) report hybrids between Elaphe guttata and E. obsoleta rossaleni.

Genome: a draft genome of this species has been published by Ullate-Agote et al. 2015.

Synonymy partly after BURBRINK 2002.

Illustration: SCHMDIT (2004) illustrates a striped mutation.

Phylogenetics: see Dahn et al. 2018 for a phylogeny of Lampropeltini, but also see Burbrink et al. 2020, Hillis & Wüster (2021), and Burbrink et al. 2021 for the relationships among obsoletus, alleghaniensis, quadrivittatus, and bairdi.

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin guttatus, a, um, ‘spotted, speckled’, in reference to the spotted coloration of this taxon.

The genus name was derived from the Greek words panther, meaning "panther" and ophis, meaning "snake," probably in reference to the spotted and colorful pattern of the type species. 
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