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Parvoscincus tikbalangi SILER, LINKEM, COBB, WATTERS, CUMMINGS, DIESMOS & BROWN, 2014

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Higher TaxaScincidae, Sphenomorphinae (Sphenomorphini), Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Sierra Madres Aquatic Skink 
SynonymParvoscincus tikbalangi SILER, LINKEM, COBB, WATTERS, CUMMINGS, DIESMOS & BROWN 2014
Parvoscincus leucospilos — LINKEM et al. 2011 (part) 
DistributionPhilippines (Luzon)

Type locality: Sitio Apaya, Barangay Dibuluan, Municipality of San Mariano, Isabela Province, Luzon Island, Philippines (N: 17.029°; E: 122.1928°; WGS-84; 600 m in elevation  
Reproductionoviparous (phylogenetic imputation, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: PNM 9795 (ACD Field No. 1989, formerly KU 327785), adult male, collected on 15 February 2005 by ACD. Paratypes. KU 320522, 327786 collected on 5 February 2005 in Sitio Apaya, Barangay Dibuluan, Municipality of San Mariano, Isabela Province (same coordinates), by ACD. KU 327787–96 collected on 24–26 April 2005 in Barangay Del Pilar, Municipality of San Mariano, Isabela Province (N: 122.104°, E: 16.8592°), by ACD. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Parvoscincus tikbalangi can be distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) body size medium (SVL 41.5–54.7 mm); (2) Toe-IV lamellae 14–16; (3) supralabials seven; (4) infralabials seven; (5) midbody scale rows 28–32; (6) paravertebral scale rows 58–63; (7) prefrontals separated from first supraocular; (8) frontoparietals fused; (9) head pigmentation moderately mottled; (10) upper arm pigmentation present, patchy; (11) subcaudal pigmentation absent; (12) dorsal white spots faint; (13) dorsal white bands 9–12; (14) lateral body coloration present, tan; (15) tail dorsolaterally compressed; and (16) semi-aquatic (Tables 2, 3 in Siler et al. 2014).


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Comment 
EtymologyThe specific epithet is a patronym derivation of the name “Tikbalang,” a mythological part man, part horse mountain forest creature from Filipino folklore. Tikbalang is said to jump down from trees to dispatch its unsuspecting victims by decapitation. 
References
  • Gojo-Cruz, Paul Henric P. and Leticia E. Afuang 2018. The Zoogeographic Significance of Caraballo Mountain Range, Luzon Island, Philippines With Focus on the Biogeography of Luzon’s Herpetofauna. Philippine Journal of Science 147 (3): 393-409 - get paper here
  • Siler, Cameron D.; CHARLES W. LINKEM, KERRY COBB, JESSA L. WATTERS, SEAN T. CUMMINGS, ARVIN C. DIESMOS & RAFE M. BROWN 2014. Taxonomic revision of the semi-aquatic skink Parvoscincus leucospilos (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae), with description of three new species. Zootaxa 3847 (3): 388–412 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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