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Philodryas varia (JAN, 1863)

IUCN Red List - Philodryas varia - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Jan's Green Racer 
SynonymLiophis wagleri var. varia JAN 1863: 301
Philodryas borelli PERACCA 1897: 14
Philodryas bolivianus — BOULENGER 1896: 132
Liophis bolivianus WERNER 1909: 222 (part.)
Philodryas bolivianus SERIÉ 1921
Philodryas psammophideus — AMARAL 1926
Philodryas psammophideus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970 (part.)
Philodryas patagoniensis haywardi LAURENT 1973
Philodryas borelli — THOMAS, LAURENT & BARRIO 1977
Philodryas varius — THOMAS & JAHNSON 1984
Philodryas varius — VANZOLINI in PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1986: 21
Philodryas varius — CEI 1993: 647
Philodryas varius — GIRAUDO & SCROCCHI 2002
Philodryas varia — ZAHER et al. 2008
Philodryas varia — GRAZZIOTIN et al. 2012
Philodryas varia — WALLACH et al. 2014: 553
Philodryas varia — MELO-SAMPAIO et al. 2020 
DistributionBolivia (Cochabamba, Tarija, Santa Cruz de la Sierra),
Argentina (Catamarca, Tucumán, Salta, Jujuy)

Type locality: Veracruz (mistake for Santa Cruz de la Sierra), Bolivia.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MNHN-RA 7502, a 380-387 mm male (A. d'Orbigny, 1834) 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Una robusta Philodryas, caracterizada por una coloración de manchas dorsales groseramente redondeadas, anchas y oscuras, sobre un fondo algo variable, pardusco-amarillento. Este patrón general la distingue de la especie más afín, la P. patagoniensis, cuyas escamas son prácticamente uniformes, más claras y ribeteadas de negro. De las demás especies del género se separa sin gran dificultad, siempre por los patrones de coloración diferentes, la falta de estrías oscuras dorsales longitudinales netas en P. varius, y otras particularidades en la lepidosis. (Cei 1993)


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CommentSynonymy: P. borelli has been revalidated by THOMAS et al. (1977) and then synonymized with P. varius by THOMAS & JOHNSON (1984). Before it has been synonymized with Philodryas psammophideus by PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970 who don’t mention Philodryas varius. Synonymy after CEI 1993.

Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin varia, colored; party colored, variegated. [?]. (from Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., May 2024) 
References
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here
  • Cei, J. M. 1993. Reptiles del noroeste, nordeste y este de la Argentina. Museo Regionale Sci. Naturale Torino, Monografie 14: 1-949
  • D'agostini, F.M., 1998. Variação da folidoe de Philodryas aestivus (DUMÉRIL, BIBRON et DUMÉRIL, 1854) e a invalidação das subespécies (Serpentes, Colubridae, Xenodontinae, Philodryadini). Biociências 6: 169-182.
  • Grazziotin, Felipe G.; Hussam Zaher, Robert W. Murphy, Gustavo Scrocchi, Marco A. Benavides, Ya-Ping Zhang and Sandro L. Bonatto 2012. Molecular phylogeny of the New World Dipsadidae (Serpentes: Colubroidea): a reappraisal. Cladistics DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00393.x - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1863. Enumerazione sistematica degli ofidi appartenenti al gruppo Coronellidae. Arch. Zool. Anat. Fisiol. 2 (2): 213-330 [1862] - get paper here
  • Melo-Sampaio, P. R., Passos, P., Martins, A. R., Moura-leite, J. C., Morato, S. A., Venegas, P. J., Chávez G., Venâncio N.M. & De Souza, M. B. 2020. A phantom on the trees: integrative taxonomy supports a reappraisal of rear-fanged snakes classification (Dipsadidae: Philodryadini). Zoologischer Anzeiger 290: 19-39 [dated 2021 in print version, but 2020 published online] - get paper here
  • Peracca, M. G. 1897. Rettili e Anfibi. Viaggio del Dott. Alfredo Borelli nel Chaco boliviano e nella Repubblica Argentina. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Università di Torino, 12 (274): 1-19. - get paper here
  • Scrocchi, G.J.; Moreta, J.C. & Kretzschmar, S. 2006. Serpientes del Noroeste Argento [Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán, Catamarca, La Rioja, Santiago del Estero]. Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, 178 pp.
  • Thomas, R. A.; Barrio, A.; Laurent, R. F. 1977. Philodryas borellii Peracca (Serpentes: Colubridae), a distinct species. Herpetologica 33 (1): 82-86 - get paper here
  • Thomas, R.A. & JOHNSON, J.D. 1984. Philodryas varius (Jan, 1863), a senior synonym of Philodryas borellii Peracca (Serpentes: Colubridae). Journal of Herpetology 18 (1): 80 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Werner,F. 1909. Über neue oder seltene Reptilien des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg. Jahrb. Hamb. wiss. Anst. suppl. 2 (Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamb. 1908) 26: 205-247 - get paper here
  • Zaher, H.; Scrocchi, G. & Masiero, R. 2008. Rediscovery and redescription of the type of Philodryas laticeps Werner, 1900 and the taxonomic status of P. oligolepis Gomes, 1921 (Serpentes, Colubridae). Zootaxa 1940: 25–40 - get paper here
 
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