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Philodryas olfersii (LICHTENSTEIN, 1823)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesPhilodryas olfersii olfersii (LICHTENSTEIN 1823)
Philodryas olfersii herbeus (WIED 1825)
Philodryas olfersii latirostris (COPE 1863) 
Common NamesE: Lichtenstein's Green Racer
G: Grüne Strauchnatter
Portuguese: Boiubu, Bojobi, Caninana, Cipó-Verde, Cobra-Cipó, Cobra-Cipó-Comum, Cobra-Cipó-Listrada, Cobra-Cipó-Verde, Cobra-Corredeira, Cobra-Facão, Cobra-Papagaio, Cobra-Verde, Cobra-Verde-Lisa, Corre-Campo, Papagaia, Papa-Pinto 
SynonymColuber Olfersii LICHTENSTEIN 1823: 104
Coluber pileatus WIED 1824 (fide BOULENGER 1886)
? Dryophylax Olfersii — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 1109
Coluber Olfersii — REINHARDT 1862: 255
Philodryas Olfersii — BOULENGER 1886: 435
Philodryas olfersi — GASC & RODRIGUES 1980
Philodryas olfersii — LEYNAUD & BUCHER 1999: 30
Philodryas olfersii — GRAZZIOTIN et al. 2012
Philodryas olfersii — WALLACH et al. 2014: 551
Philodryas olfersii — ARREDONDO et al. 2020
Philodryas olfersii — MELO-SAMPAIO et al. 2020

Philodryas olfersii herbeus WIED 1825
Coluber herbeus WIED 1824 (fide BOULENGER 1886)
Philodryas carbonelli ROZE 1957: 188
Philodryas carbonelli — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 242
Philodryas olfersii herbeus — GORZULA & SEÑARIS 1999
Philodryas olfersii herbeus — KORNACKER 1999

Philodryas olfersii latirostris (COPE 1863)
Philodryas latirostris COPE 1863
Philodryas argentinus MÜLLER 1924: 90
Chlorosoma olfersi — SERIÉ 1936
Philodryas olfersi — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970 (part.)
Philodryas olfersi latirostris -THOMAS 1977
Philodryas olfersi latirostris — CEI 1993
Philodryas olfersii latirostris — LEYNAUD & BUCHER 1999: 30 
DistributionW Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Amapá, Pará, Rondonia, Goias,Espírito Santo, Bahia, Mato Grosso, S Ceará, Rio de Janeiro, Piauí, Pernambuco, Paraíba, Sergipe), E Peru, Bolivia (Beni), Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones, Entre Rios, Chaco, Formosa, Jujuy, Salta), Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela (KORNACKER 1999)

Terra typica; Brazil.

carbonelli: S Venezuela; Type locality: Maroa, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: lost, was ZMB, lost fide R.A. Thomas (1976: 153).
Holotype: USNM 5811 [latirostris] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): Philodryas can be distinguished from the oth- er Philodryadini genera by the following combination of characters: Hemipenial body much longer than the lobes (more than twice the length), with the asulcate side of the hemipenial body covered with two parallel rows of enlarged body calyces on most or all its surface (Figs. 3-4); dentary teeth equal in size (significantly enlarged den- tary teeth in Ditaxodon); ventral scales smooth (keeled in Chlorosoma); buccal epithelium cream or white (Arredondo et al. 2020). 
CommentVenomous!

Type species: Coluber Olfersii LICHTENSTEIN 1823: 104 is the type species of the genus Philodryas WAGLER 1830.

Type genus: Philodryas WAGLER 1830 is the type genus of the tribus Philodryadini Cope, 1886.

Diagnosis (Philodryadini): Members of the tribe Philodryadini can be distinguished from the other xenodontine genera by the following combination of characters: hemipenis bilobed, semicalyculate and semicapitate; large body calyces covering both medial and distal portions of the asulcate side of the hemipenial body and lobes (Figs. 3-4); maxillary dentition diacranterian and opisthoglyphous, with a deep groove that opens laterally (Arredondo et al. 2020).

Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after Ignaz Franz Werner Maria von Olfers (1793-1871), a naturalist, historian, and diplomat who eventually became Director of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (1838).

The genus was named after the Greek words Philos‐ (noun, φῐ́λος, meaning “friend or friendly”) and ‐Dryas (noun, Δρῠᾰ́ς, meaning “tree nymph”). Philodryas is thus a “friendly tree nymph,” being of feminine gender, fide Donnelly & Myers (1991: 46). 
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