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Philothamnus nitidus (GÜNTHER, 1863)

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesPhilothamnus nitidus loveridgei LAURENT 1960
Philothamnus nitidus nitidus (GÜNTHER 1865) 
Common NamesE: Green Bush Snake, Cameroons Wood Snake 
SynonymAhaetulla nitida GÜNTHER 1863: 286 (part.)
Ahaetulla lagoensis GÜNTHER 1872: 26 (fide BOULENGER 1894)
Philothamnus nitidus — BOULENGER 1894: 100
Philothamnus nitidus — SCHMIDT 1923: 78
Philothamnus semivariegatus nitidus — LOVERIDGE 1958: 119
Philothamnus nitidus — HUGHES 1985: 520
Philothamnus nitidus — RÖDEL & MAHSBERG 2000
Philothamnus nitidus — TRAPE & BALDÉ 2014
Philothamnus nitidus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 557
Philothamnus nitidus — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 492

Philothamnus nitidus nitidus (GÜNTHER 1865)
Philothamnus nitidus nitidus — TRAPE & ROUX-ESTÈVE 1995: 39
Philothamnus nitidus nitidus — ENGELBRECHT et al. 2018

Philothamnus nitidus loveridgei LAURENT 1960
Philothamnus nitidus loveridgei LAURENT 1960: 40
Philothamnus nitidus loveridgei — TRAPE & ROUX-ESTÈVE 1990
Philothamnus nitidus loveridgei — BROADLEY & HOWELL 1991: 30
Philothamnus nitidus loveridgei — MARQUES et al. 2018
Philothamnus nitidus loveridgei — BRANCH et al. 2019
Philothamnus nitidus loveridgei — PAUWELS & COLYN 2023: 83 
DistributionCentral African Republic, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire; except in the south), Congo (Brazzaville), Gabon, Liberia, Togo, Benin, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea

loveridgei: S Central African Republic, Zaire, Burundi, W Kenya, W Tanzania, Angola; Type locality: Itula, Kivu, Zaire. Originally “Demerara”, in error, corrected to “Lagos” [Nigeria] by Boulenger (1894:101] fide Wallach et al. (2014:546) and “not known”.

Type locality: “Cameruns” [Philothamnus nigrofasciatus]  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.1.10.28, an 813 mm male. {plus 1946.1.10.24 fide Hughes = 2 syntypes}
Syntypes: BMNH 1946.1.10.24 (collector Col. E. Sabine) and BMNH 1946.1.6.2 (formerly BMNH 71.4.21.5) (collector unknown) [loveridgei] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2093 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentNot listed in the Zoological Record of 1865.

Synonymy: Branch et al. 2019 list Philothamnus nitidus loveridgei for Angola, but then say that this subspecies has “been shown to lack genetic support for recognition (Engelbrecht et al. 2018) and are now not recognised.”

Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018).

Distribution: For a map with localities in Equatorial Guinea see SÁNCHEZ-VIALAS et al. 2022. 
References
  • Angel, Fernand 1925. Résultats Scientifiques. Vertebrata. Reptiles et Batraciens. [Mabuia (Mabuiopsis) jeanneli, Lygosoma graueri quinquedigitata, Ablepharus massaiensis]. In: Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique Orientale (1911-1912). - Paris, 2: 1-63.
  • Böhme, Wolfgang; Eberhard Fischer & Harald Hinkel 2023. Reptilien aus dem Irangi Forest, Provinz Kivu-Süd, Demokratische Republik Kongo. Sauria 45 (4): 29
  • Boulenger, George A. 1894. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, xi, 382 pp. - get paper here
  • Branch, William R.; Pedro Vaz Pinto, Ninda Baptista, and Werner Conradie 2019. The Reptiles of Angola: History, Diversity, Endemism and Hotspots. Chapter 13 in: B. J. Huntley et al. (eds.), Biodiversity of Angola. Springer Verlag, pp. 283-334 - get paper here
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  • Engelbrecht, H.M., Branch, W.R., Greenbaum, E., Alexander, G.J., Jackson, K., Burger, M., Conradie, W., Kusamba, C., Zassi-Boulou, A-G., Tolley, K.A. 2018. Diversifying into the branches: species boundaries in African green and bush snakes, Philothamnus (Serpentes: Colubridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 130: 357-365 - get paper here
  • Günther,A. 1863. On some species of tree-snakes (Ahaetulla). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 11: 283-287. - get paper here
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  • Hughes, B. 1985. Progress on a taxonomic revision of African green tree snakes (Philothamnus spp.). In: Schuchmann, K.L. (ed.) Proceedings of the International Symposium on African Vertebrates. ZFMK, Bonn, pp. 511-530
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  • Jesus, J.; Nagy, Z.; Branch, W.; Wink, M.; Brehm, A. & Harris, D. J. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships of African green snakes (genera Philothamnus and Hapsidophrys) from São Tomé, Príncipe and Annobon islands based on mtDNA sequences and comments on their colonization and taxonomy. The Herpetological Journal 19: 41-48 - get paper here
  • Laurent, R.F. 1960. Notes complémentaires sur les Chéloniens et les Ophidiens du congo oriental. Ann. Mus. Roy. Congo Belge (Sci. Zool.), 84: 1-86
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  • Marques, Mariana P.; Luis M. P. Ceríaco , David C. Blackburn , and Aaron M. Bauer 2018. Diversity and Distribution of the Amphibians and Terrestrial Reptiles of Angola -- Atlas of Historical and Bibliographic Records (1840–2017). Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 4) 65: 1-501 (Supplement II)
  • Pauwels, O. S., & Colyn, M. 2023. On a Collection of Snakes from Bengamisa, Right Bank of the Congo River, Northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society, 58(6), 81-92
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  • SÁNCHEZ-VIALAS, A., CALVO-REVUELTA, M. & DE LA RIVA, I. 2022. Synopsis of the terrestrial Reptiles of Equatorial Guinea. Zootaxa 5202 (1): 1-197 - get paper here
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  • Trape, J.F. & R. ROUX-ESTÈVE 1990. Note sur une collection de serpents du Congo avec description d'une espèce nouvelle. Rev. Zool. Afr. (J. Afr. Zool.) 104: 375-383
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  • TRAPE, JEAN-FRANÇOIS & CELLOU BALDÉ 2014. A checklist of the snake fauna of Guinea, with taxonomic changes in the genera Philothamnus and Dipsadoboa (Colubridae) and a comparison with the snake fauna of some other West African countries. Zootaxa 3900 (3): 301–338 - get paper here
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