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Phoenicolacerta kulzeri (MÜLLER & WETTSTEIN, 1932)

IUCN Red List - Phoenicolacerta kulzeri - Endangered, EN
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Higher TaxaLacertidae, Lacertinae, Sauria, Lacertoidea, Squamata (lizards)
SubspeciesPhoenicolacerta kulzeri petraea (BISCHOFF & MÜLLER 1999)
Phoenicolacerta kulzeri khazaliensis MODRÝ, NECAS, RIFAI, BISCHOFF, HAMIDAN & AMR 2013
Phoenicolacerta kulzeri kulzeri (MÜLLER & WETTSTEIN 1932) 
Common NamesE: Kulzer’s Rock Lizard 
SynonymLacerta kulzeri MÜLLER & WETTSTEIN 1932
Lacerta danfordi kulzeri — MÜLLER & WETTSTEIN 1933
Lacerta laevis kulzeri — EISELT & SCHMIDTLER 1987
Lacerta laevis kueltzeri [sic] — SINDACO et al. 1995
Phoenicolacerta kulzeri — ARNOLD et al. 2007
Lacerta (Phoenicolacerta) kulzeri kulzeri — SINDACO & JEREMČENKO 2008
Phoenicolacerta kulzeri — TAMAR et al. 2015
Phoenicolacerta kulzeri — BAR et al. 2021

Phoenicolacerta kulzeri khazaliensis MODRÝ, NECAS, RIFAI, BISCHOFF, HAMIDAN & AMR 2013
Phoenicolacerta kulzeri khazaliensis — DISI et al. 2014

Phoenicolacerta kulzeri petraea (BISCHOFF & MÜLLER 1999)
Lacerta kulzeri petraea BISCHOFF & MÜLLER 1999
Lacerta danfordi (GÜNTHER) — BARBOUR 1914 (part.)
Lacerta laevis GRAY — BOULENGER 1916: 69
Lacerta laevis kulzeri MÜLLER & WETTSTEIN 1932 (part.)
Lacerta kulzeri petraea — IN DEN BOSCH 2002
Lacerta (Phoenicolacerta) kulzeri petraea — SINDACO & JEREMČENKO 2008
Phoenicolacerta kulzeri petraea — SINDACO et al. 2014 
DistributionHigher regions of the Lebanon Mts. (presumably also in the Antilebanon, at Mount Hermon, at Djabal Druz in Syria, and near Petra in Jordan), Israel

Type locality: “Zedernwald bei Bcharré, Libanon”.

khazaliensis: S Jordan (Wadi Ramm); Type locality: Wadi Ramm, Djebel Khazali, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZSM 10/1931, paratypes: NMW
Holotype: ZFMK 73470, adult male [khazaliensis]
Holotype: ZFMK 65019, Jordanien; paratypes: JUMR. HUJ and SMF [petraea] 
DiagnosisDiagnose (petraea): “Mittelgroße, relativ kurzköpfige Eidechse aus dem L. kulzeri-Komplex. Ein erkennbares Massetericum im zentralen Schläfenbereich ist meist nicht vorhanden (wird in dieser Deutlichkeit nur von L. kulzeri aus dem Zentral-Libanon übertroffen). Höchste Durchschnittswerte in der Anzahl der Dorsalia (53,9), Supra-ciliargranula (13,2), Gularia (24,2) und Subdigitallamellen (30,4) innerhalb von L. kulzeri s.l. Niedrigste Werte bei der Anzahl der Temporalia zwischen Massetericum und Supratemporale (1,6) und Collaria (8,9). Mit ihrer hellen Grundfärbung und dem wenig ausgeprägten Muster aus dunklen Flankenbändern und winzigen dunklen Makeln auf dem Rücken unterscheidet sich diese Unterart deutlich von den übrigen L. kulzeri s.l.” (from Bischoff & Müller 1999).

Diagnosis (khazaliensis). A middle-sized, short-headed Rock Lizard belonging to P. kulzeri-complex. Measuring on average 61.2 mm (head-and-body length), it is significantly larg- er than its geographically closest conspecific neighbour P. kulzeri petraea. The temporal scalation is very fine; the massetericum is (almost) indistinct. The subspecies reaches the highest mean numbers of the dorsal scales (58.3; compared to 48 – 53.9 in other populations), supra- ciliar granules (16.4; compared to 10–14), gulars (25.8; compared to 21.6–24.7) and subdigital lamelles (30.9; compared to 26.2–30.4) within P. kulzeri s. l. Unlike P. kulzeri petraea, the upper postocular touches the parietal mostly very clearly. The reticular pattern on generally light underground and the lack of dark bands on the flaks is an evident diagnostic feature if compared to all other P. kulzeri s.l. 
CommentSynonymy: Many authors have not distinguished between L. kulzeri and L. laevis.

Distribution: see Bar et al. 2021 for a map. 
EtymologyLacerta kulzeri petraea has been named after the capital of the Roman province “Arabia Petraea”, Petra.

The species was named after the collector of the type, Hans Kulzer.

The name khazaliensis is derived from the type locality, Djebel Khaz-ali in Wadi Ramm, Jordan. 
References
  • Arnold, E.N.; Arribas, O. & Carranza, S. 2007. Systematics of the Palaearctic and Oriental lizard tribe Lacertini (Squamata: Lacertidae: Lacertinae), with descriptions of eight new genera. Zootaxa 1430: 1-86 - get paper here
  • Bar, A., Haimovitch, G. and Meiri, S. 2021. Field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of Israel. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt Am Main. ISBN 9783-89973-120-0 - get paper here
  • Barbour, Thomas 1914. Notes on some reptiles from Sinai and Syria. Proc. New England zool. Club 5: 73-92 - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Bischoff, W. 2007. Auf der Suche nach Gebirgseidechsen in drei Erdteilen. Draco 7 (27): 54-73 - get paper here
  • Bischoff, W. & J. MÜLLER 1999. Revision des levantinischen Lacerta laevis/kulzeri-Komplexes: 2. Die Petra-Eidechse Lacerta kulzeri petraea ssp.n. Salamandra 35 (4): 243-254 - get paper here
  • Böhme, Wolfgang 2014. Herpetology in Bonn. Mertensiella 21. vi + 256 pp. - get paper here
  • Bosch, H A J in den 2002. Informal synonymy of the Lacerta kulzeri group (Lacertidae, Reptilia). Podarcis 3 (1): 2-16 - get paper here
  • BOSCH, H.A.J. In DEN 1999. Die Eidechsen des Mount Hermon im Biotop mit ersten Daten zur Fortpflanzung. Elaphe 7 (4): 68-75
  • Bosch, HA in den; Odierna G, Aprea G, Barucca M, Canapa A, Capriglione T, Olmo E. 2003. Karyological and genetic variation in Middle Eastern lacertid lizards, Lacerta laevis and the Lacerta kulzeri complex: a case of chromosomal allopatric speciation. Chromosome Res. 2003;11(2):165-78
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1916. On the lizards allied to Lacerta muralis with an account of Lacerta agilis and L. parva. Transact. Zool. Soc. London 21: 1-104 - get paper here
  • Disi, A.M.; Modry, D.; Necas, P. & Rifai, L. 2001. Amphibians and reptiles of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 408 pp.
  • Disi, Ahmad M., Zuhair S. Amr and Harald Martens 2004. On a collection of amphibians and reptiles made by J. Klapperich in Jordan. Herpetozoa 16 (3/4):141-150 - get paper here
  • Disi, Ahmad; Zuhair S. Amr, Nashat Hamidan 2014. Diversity, Threats, and Conservation of the Terrestrial and Freshwater Herpetofauna of Jordan. Russ. J. Herpetol. 21 (3): 221-233 - get paper here
  • Frommer, Jürgen 2008. Beobachtungen an den Eidechsen Jordaniens. Die Eidechse 19 (1): 1-13 - get paper here
  • Gebhart, Jürgen 2013. Eidechsen in Israel. Beobachtungen an zwei Phoenicolacerta-Arten. Terraria-Elaphe 2013 (3): 90-92 - get paper here
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248
  • Hraoui-Bloquet, S.; Sadek, R.A.; Sindaco, R. & Venchi, A. 2002. The herpetofauna of Lebanon: new data on distribution. Zoology in the Middle East 27: 35-46 - get paper here
  • Meiri, Shai; Amos Belmaker, Daniel Berkowic, Kesem Kazes, Erez Maza, Guy Bar-Oz and Roi Dor 2019. A checklist of Israeli land vertebrates. Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution - get paper here
  • Modrý, David; Petr Necas, Lina Rifai, Wolfgang Bischoff, Nashat Hamidan & Zuhair Amr 2013. Revision of the Levantine “Lacerta” laevis/kulzeri- Complex: 3. The Rock Lizard of Wadi Ramm, Phoenicolacerta kulzeri khazaliensis ssp. n. Vertebrate Zoology 63(3):307–312 - get paper here
  • Müller, L. and Wettstein, O. 1933. Amphibien und Reptilien vom Libanon. Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wlen, Math.-Naturw. Kl., Abt. I, 142: 135-144.
  • Müller,L. & Wettstein,O. 1932. Über eine neue Lacerta-Form aus dem Libanon. Zool. Anz. 98: 218-223 - get paper here
  • Nathan,R. & Werner, Y.L. 1999. Reptiles and breeding birds on Mt. Hermon: patterns of altitudinal distribution and species richness. Israel Journal of Zoology 45: 1-33
  • Podnar, M.; W. Pinsker and W. Mayer 2009. Complete mitochondrial genomes of three lizard species and the systematic position of the Lacertidae (Squamata). J Zool Syst Evol Res 47(1): 35–41 - get paper here
  • Rizk, Kamal and Fida Nassar 2015. Male reproduction cycle of Kulzer’s Rock Lizard, Phoenicolacerta kulzeri (Müller & Wettstein, 1932), in Lebanon (Reptilia: Lacertidae). Zoology in the Middle East 61 (4): 318 - get paper here
  • Schmidtler, J. F. & W. BISCHOFF 1999. Revision des levantinischen Lacerta laevis/kulzeri-Komplexes: 1. Die Felseneidechse Lacerta cyanisparsa sp.n. Salamandra 35 (3): 129-146 - get paper here
  • Sindaco R., Fedrighini, N. & VEnchi, A. 1995. Contribution to the herpetology of Jordan. Boll. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Torino 13 (1): 389-405
  • Sindaco, R. & Jeremcenko, V.K. 2008. The reptiles of the Western Palearctic. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 579 pp. - get paper here
  • Sindaco, Roberto; Riccardo Nincheri, Benedetto Lanza 2014. Catalogue of Arabian reptiles in the collections of the “La Specola” Museum, Florence. Scripta Herpetologica. Studies on Amphibians and Reptiles in honour of Benedetto Lanza: pp. 137-164 - get paper here
  • Tamar, Karin; Salvador Carranza, Herman in den Bosch, Roberto Sindaco, Jiri Moravec, Shai Meiri 2015. Hidden relationships and genetic diversity: Molecular phylogeny and phylogeography of the Levantine lizards of the genus Phoenicolacerta (Squamata: Lacertidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 91: 86-97 - get paper here
 
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