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Pholidobolus ulisesi VENEGAS, CHEVARRÍA, LOBOS, SALES-NUNES & TORRES-CARVAJAL, 2016

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Higher TaxaGymnophthalmidae (Cercosaurinae), Sauria, Gymnophthalmoidea, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymPholidobolus ulisesi VENEGAS, CHEVARRÍA, LOBOS, SALES-NUNES & TORRES-CARVAJAL 2016
Cercosaura vertebralis — DOAN & CUSI 2014 (part)
Pholidobolus sp. —TORRES-CARVAJAL et al. 2015: 286
Pholidobolus sp. — TORRES-CARVAJAL et al. 2016: 70 (Fig. 2) 
DistributionPeru (Cajamarca)

Type locality: Bosque de Huamantanga (5°39’48.09’’ S, 78°56’35.8’’ W), at 2,211 m elevation, Huabal district, Jaén province, Cajamarca department, Peru  
Reproductionoviparous (manual imputation, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: CORBIDI 12734, an adult male, collected on 7 March 2013 by P.J. Venegas. Paratypes (17): CORBIDI 12740–46 juveniles, COR- BIDI 12735–36, 12739 adult males, CORBIDI 12737–38 adult females, all collected with the holotype; CORBIDI 00871–73, an adult female, an adult male and a juvenile, respectively, from El Chaupe (5°14 ́8.16” S, 79°5 ́56.58” W), at 2,016 m elevation, Namballe district, San Ignacio province, Cajamarca department, Peru, collected by M. Dobiey on 24 August 2008; CORBIDI 14889, an adult female, and CORBIDI 14896, a juvenile, from San Feli- pe de Jaén (5°45’10.854” S, 79°14’19.881” W), at 2,641 m elevation, Jaén province, Cajamarca department, Peru collected by K. Garcia on 26 September 2014. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Pholidobolus affinis, P. dicrus (Fig. 4A), P. hillisi (Fig. 4B), P. prefrontalis, and P. vertebralis (Fig. 4C) differ from the new species in having prefrontal scales. Pholidobolus montium and P. macbrydei have striated and quadrangular dorsal scales (strongly keeled and hexagonal in P. ulisesi), and lack the conspicuous narrow, pale brown, vertebral stripe present in P. ulisesi. In addition, the new species has fewer dorsal scales (28–31, x̄ = 29.75) than P. affinis (45–55), P. montium (35–50), P. prefrontalis (37–46), and P. macbrydei (31–43).


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Comment 
EtymologyThe specific epithet “ulisesi” is a noun in the genitive case and a patronym for Ulises Gamonal Guevara, for his significant contribution to the archaeology of Cajamarca in northwestern Peru. One of his major contributions is the discovery of the >6,000-year-old Faical cave paintings in San Ignacio, declared as Cultural Patrimony of the Nation. 
References
  • Doan, Tiffany M.; Juan C. Cusi 2014. Geographic distribution of Cercosaura vertebralis O’Shaughnessy, 1879 (Reptilia: Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) and the status of Cercosaura ampuedai (Lancini, 1968). Check List 10 (5): 1195-1200 - get paper here
  • Hurtado-Gómez, Juan P.; Juan C. Arredondo, Pedro M. Sales-Nunes and Juan M. Daza 2018. A New Species of Pholidobolus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from the Paramo Ecosystem in the Northern Andes of Colombia. South American Journal of Herpetology 13 (3): 271–286 - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal, Omar; Simón E. Lobos, Pablo J. Venegas 2015. Phylogeny of Neotropical Cercosaura (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) lizards. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 93: 281–288 - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal, Omar; Simón E. Lobos, Pablo J. Venegas, Germán Chávez, Vanessa Aguirre-Peñafiel, Daniel Zurita, Lourdes Y. Echevarría 2016. Phylogeny and biogeography of the most diverse clade of South American gymnophthalmid lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae, Cercosaurinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 99: 63-75, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.006
  • Venegas PJ, Echevarría LY, Lobos SE, Sales-Nunes PM, and Torres-Carvajal O. 2016. A new species of Andean microteiid lizard (Gymnophthalmidae: Cercosaurinae: Pholidobolus) from Peru, with comments on P. vertebralis. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 10 (1) [Special Section]: 21–33 (e121) - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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