Pholidoscelis major (DUMÉRIL & BIBRON, 1839)
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Pholidoscelis major
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| Higher Taxa | Teiidae, Teiinae, Gymnophthalmoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards) |
| Subspecies | |
| Common Names | E: Guadeloupean Giant Groundlizard, Martinique Ameiva |
| Synonym | Ameiva major DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1839: 117 Ameiva major — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 196 Ameiva major — HARVEY et al. 2012 Pholidoscelis major — GOICOECHEA et al. 2016 Pholidoscelis major — THORPE 2022 |
| Distribution | Lesser Antilles: Martinique Type locality: "Cayenne" (probably in error) and "Trinité" (probably town of Trinité, Martinique). |
| Reproduction | oviparous |
| Types | Lectotype: MNHN-RA 1491 from "Trinité," designated by Baskin and Williams, 1966 |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis: Pholidoscelis can be distinguished from all other Teiinae except Ameiva by a combination of the following morphological characters (Harvey et al. 2012): first supraciliary short, third or fourth supraciliary usually elongate (except in Pholidoscelis wetmorei), five regular parietals (except in Pholidoscelis wetmorei), the prefrontal separated from the nasal, numerous small scales at the heel (except in Pholidoscelis lineolatus, Pholidoscelis maynardii, and Pholidoscelis wetmorei, the Ameiva lineolata Series of Harvey et al. 2012), homogenous manual subdigital lamellae, smooth ventrals and subcaudals, and males lacking preanal spurs. Pholidoscelis can be distinguished from Ameiva by molecular characters (e.g., Tucker et al. 2016a, 2016b, 2016c, 2017 and references therein; see also Phylogenetic Relationships) and by the following morphological characters (Harvey et al. 2012): the narial suture positioned behind the nostril (passing through the nostril or located in front of it in Ameiva), the first subocular usually in contact with the supralabials (first subocular usually separated from the supralabials), a long fifth toe except in some Pholidoscelis griswoldi (reduced), and supradigital and subdigital lamellae usually in contact along the postaxial margin of the toes except in Pholidoscelis fuscatus (separated) (R. Powell, pers. comm. 16 Feb 2021). |
| Comment | Conservation: Now extinct fide SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991 (and not listed in SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988). Bochaton et al. described another new (subfossil) Pholidoscelis from Guadeloupe, Pholidoscelis turukaeraensis, which is also extinct but apparently similar to P. major. Synonymy: Listed as synonym of Ameiva punctata by BOULENGER 1885: 359 Type species: Ameiva major DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1839: 117 is the type species of the genus Pholidoscelis FITZINGER 1843: 20. Pholidoscelis was resurrected by GOICOECHEA et al. 2016. Note, however, that Pholidoscelis was originally erected for Ameiva major (by Fitzinger, 1843), a taxon that has was not included by GOICOECHEA et al. 2016, as it is presumed to be extinct. Fossil species: Pholidoscelis turukaeraensis Bochaton et al. 2019 (Marie-Galante). Apparently this species has become extinct less than 300 years ago. Phylogenetics: see Nappo & Colli 2024 for a phylogenetic analysis of this and other genera within Teiidae. Reference images: see Uetz et al. 2024 for high-resolution reference images for this species. |
| Etymology | Named after its size or dominant role within the genus or locality, from Latin majus. |
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