Phyllodactylus nocticolus DIXON, 1964

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Higher Taxa	Phyllodactylidae, Gekkota, Sauria, Squamata (lizards: geckos)
Subspecies	Phyllodactylus nocticolus nocticolus DIXON 1964 Phyllodactylus nocticolus acorius DIXON 1966 Phyllodactylus nocticolus sloani BOSTIC 1971
Common Names	E: Peninsula Leaf-toed Gecko S: Salamanquesa Insular
Synonym	Phyllodactylus xanti nocticolus DIXON 1964: 55 Phyllodactylus xanti nocticolus — WERMUTH 1965: 147 Phyllodactylus nocticolus nocticolus — MURPHY 1983 Phyllodactylus xanti nocticolus — RÖSLER 2000: 105 Phyllodactylus nocticolus — CROTHER 2000 Phyllodactylus nocticolus — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009 Phyllodactylus nocticolus — ENDERSON et al. 2009 Phyllodactylus nocticolus acorius DIXON 1966 Phyllodactylus xanti acorius DIXON 1966: 442 Phyllodactylus xanti angulus DIXON 1966: 433 Phyllodactylus xanti circus DIXON 1966: 439 Phyllodactylus xanti estebanensis DIXON 1966: 437 Phyllodactylus nocticolus acorius — MURPHY 1983 Phyllodactylus nocticolus angulus — MURPHY 1983 Phyllodactylus nocticolus circus — MURPHY 1983 Phyllodactylus nocticolus estebanensis — MURPHY 1983 Phyllodactylus xanti — STEBBINS 1985: 112 Phyllodactylus xanti — KLUGE 1993 Phyllodactylus nocticolus — LINER 1994 Phyllodactylus xanti — LINER 1994 Phyllodactylus xanti — RÖSLER 2000: 105 Phyllodactylus nocticolus acorius — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008 Phyllodactylus nocticolus circus — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008 Phyllodactylus nocticolus estebanensis — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008 Phyllodactylus nocticolus zweifeli — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008 Phyllodactylus nocticolus sloani BOSTIC 1971 Phyllodactylus xanti sloani BOSTIC 1971: 252 Phyllodactylus nocticolus sloani — MURPHY 1983 Phyllodactylus xanti sloani — KLUGE 1993 Phyllodactylus nocticolus sloani — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008 Phyllodactylus nocticolus sloani — MURPHY et al. 2009
Distribution	Mexico (Baja California, Sonora), USA (S California) Type locality: Agua Caliente Hot Springs, San Diego County, California. acorius: Type locality: Isla San Diego, Baja California. angulus: Type locality: Islas Salsipuedes, Baja California estebanensis: Type locality: Isla San Esteban, Baja California.
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: SDNHM = SDSNH 34824 Holotype: CAS 98451, adult male; Paratypes: CAS, MCZ, SDNHM = SDSNH 50827-50829 [acorius] Holotype: CAS 08477, male; Paratypes SDNHM = SDSNH 44238, 44239, 44677, 44678, 50833, 50856-50859, 50868, 50869 [angulus] Holotype: SDMNH = SDNHM = SDSNH 50814, adult female; paratypes: CAS, SDNHM = SDSNH 50809-50812, 50815-50817 [circus] Holotype: CAS; Paratypes SDNHM = SDSNH 50852, 50853, 50870, 50871 [estebanensis]
Diagnosis	Diagnosis:This, the largest subspecies, averages 52.4 mm in snout-vent length. It differs from all other races except angulus by the absence of thigh tubercles; from angulus in larger average snout-vent length and less numerous paravertebral tubercles from axilla to groin (23.0) and from rear of head to base of tail (36.7) (Dixon 1969).
Comment	Most subspecies of P. xanti have been described as subspecies of P. nocticolus. Grismer (1999) synonymized most subspecies with P. xanti because he couldn’t find any clearly diagnosable differences. For the separate species status of P. nocticolus refer to Flores-Villela (1993), Powell et al. (1998), and Crother et al. (2000).
Etymology	Named after nocticolus, from the Latin nocturnus, of the night, and the New Latin -colus, meaning dwelling in. P. n. acorius was named after acorius, from the Latin acorius, meaning mountain top.
References	BLAIR, CHRISTOPHER; FAUSTO R. MÉNDEZ DE LA CRUZ, ANDRE NGO, JOHAN LINDELL, AMY LATHROP & ROBERT W. MURPHY 2009. Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy of leaf-toed geckos (Phyllodactylidae: Phyllodactylus) inhabiting the peninsula of Baja California. Zootaxa 2027: 28-42 - get paper here Collins, J.T. and T. W. Taggart 2009. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Sixth Edition. Center for North American Herpetology, 48 pp. Crother, B. I. 2000. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Herpetological Circular 29: 1-82 Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92 Dixon, J. R. 1964. The systematics and distribution of lizards of the genus Phyllodactylus in North and Central America. New Mexico State Univ. Sci. Bull. 64: 1-139 - get paper here Dixon, James R. 1969. Phyllodactylus xanti. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (79): 1-2 - get paper here Dugan, E.A., Murray, S.S., Mills, A.M., Fischer, K., Lohr, D. & Faust, T. 2017. Geographic Distribution: Phyllodactylus nocticolus (Pensula Leaf-toed Gecko). Herpetological Review 48 (3): 588-589. - get paper here Enderson, Erik F.; Adrian Quijada-Mascareñas; Dale S. Turner; Philip C. Rosen & Robert L. Bezy 2009. The herpetofauna of Sonora, Mexico, with comparisons to adjoining states. Check List 5 (3): 632–672 - get paper here Flores-Villela,O. 1993. Herpetofauna Mexicana; lista anotada de las especies de anfibios y reptiles de Mexico, cambios taxonomicos recientes, y nuevas especies. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication 17: 73 pp. - get paper here Grismer, L. Lee. 1999. An evolutionary classification of reptiles on islands in the Gulf of California, México. Herpetologica 55 (4): 446-469 - get paper here Jones, L.L. & Lovich, R.E. 2009. Lizards of the American Southwest. A photographic field guide. Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, AZ, 568 pp. [review in Reptilia 86: 84] - get paper here Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Rorabaugh JC 2019. A conservation checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Sonora, Mexico, with updated species lists. ZooKeys 829: 131-160 - get paper here Murphy, R. W. 1983. Paleobiogeography and genetic differentiation of the Baja California herpetofauna. Occ. Pap. Cal. Acad. Sci. (137): 1-48 - get paper here Peralta-García A, Valdez-Villavicencio JH, Fucsko LA, Hollingsworth BD, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, Rocha A, DeSantis DL, Porras LW, and Wilson LD. 2023. The herpetofauna of the Baja California Peninsula and its adjacent islands, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 17(1&2): 57–142 Powell, R.; Collins, J.T. and Hooper, E. 1998. A Key to the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Continental United States and Canada. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence. vi + 131 pp. (257 pp.) Ramírez-Reyes, T., Blair, C., Flores-Villela, O., Piñero, D., Lathrop, A., Murphy, R. 2020. Phylogenomics and molecular species delimitation reveals great cryptic diversity of leaf-toed geckos (Phyllodactylidae: Phyllodactylus), ancient origins, and diversification in Mexico. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2020), doi: - get paper here Rösler, H. 2000. Kommentierte Liste der rezent, subrezent und fossil bekannten Geckotaxa (Reptilia: Gekkonomorpha). Gekkota 2: 28-153 Rösler, Herbert 2017. Gecko-Chorologie (Squamata: Gekkota). Gekkota (4): 1-160 WOOD, D. A., A. WORREL-BLACK, R. BLACK, A. MITELBERG, M. FISHER, R. N. FISHER, A. G. VANDERGAST, AND C. BARROWS, W 2020. Newly Documented Population Extends Geographic Range and Genetic Diversity for the Peninsula Leaf-toed Gecko (Phyllodactylus nocticolus) into the Transverse Ranges of Southern California. Herpetological Review 51: 456-458.
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information Google images

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