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Phymaturus etheridgei LOBO, ABDALA & VALDECANTOS, 2010

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Higher TaxaLiolaemidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymPhymaturus etheridgei LOBO, ABDALA & VALDECANTOS 2010 
DistributionArgentina (Rio Negro)

Type locality: Between Ingeniero Jacobacci and Molihue (provincial road 76), 41°34’47.2” S, 69°23’33.0” W. 818 m elevation.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: FML 23495. 05/02/2009. C. Abdala, M. Bonino, F. Cruz and L. Moreno col. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Phymaturus etheridgei n. sp. belongs to the patagonicus group because it has flat imbricate superciliaries, non‐rugose dorsal scales on tail, usually not fragmented subocular and subocular supralabials separated by one scale row, chin shields differentiated in size from sublabial and gular scales. Phymaturus etheridgei has a uniform black or dark brown dorsal pattern with small white spots irregularly distributed lacking the typical rows of paravertebral ocelli of P. excelsus, P. spectabilis, females of P. manuelae, P. payuniae. Phymaturus etheridgei also does not show the degree of polymorphism of many species that show brown morphs (P. excelsus, P. spectabilis, P. tenebrosus) or the all‐population fixed brown pattern of P. spurcus. P. indistinctus and P. videlai because they show a brown or gray dorsal background with small black scattered spots , P. videlai and P. castillensis exhibit a white dorsal nuchal color, and also the “star” pattern over the occipital and nuchal area (fig. 8c). P. castillensis show pre and postcapular black spots. P. felixi shows transversal thin black stripes, emarginated by white. males of P. felixi show transversal white stripes over fore and hindlimbs, both characters absent in P. etheridgei. Phymaturus etheridgei can be differentiated from other members of the group (P. felixi, P. somuncurensis, P. manuelae and P. castillensis) by having a concave or depressed internasal area that can be extended to the postrostral area. it differs from all species of the group (with the exception of P. excelsus, P. spectabilis and P. indistinctus), in its dorsal color pattern of body that changes abruptly on the tail, from dark brown or black to light brown (fig. 5). Phymaturus etheridgei differs from P. calcogaster in not having thick variegated pattern of throat. it differs from P. calcogaster and P. patagonicus because they show large white spots over their dorsum. Phymaturus etheridgei shows margins of chinshields surrounded by dark pigmentation, absent in P. payuniae, P. calcogaster, P. tenebrosus, P. ceii, P. excelsus and P. spurcus.


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Comment 
EtymologyNamed after Richard Emmett Etheridge (16 Sep 1929-14 Jan 2019), American herpetologist in recognition of his contribution to Liolaemid systematics, and particularly in acknowledgement for many years of generous advice and collaboration with his Argentinean colleagues. See Espinoza & Queiroz for biographical details. 
References
  • Abdala, Cristian Simón; Quinteros, Andres Sebastian 2014. Los últimos 30 años de estudios de la familia de lagartijas más diversa de Argentina. Actualización taxonómica y sistemática de Liolaemidae. Cuad. herpetol. 28 (2): 55-82 - get paper here
  • AVILA, LUCIANO JAVIER; CRISTIAN HERNAN FULVIO PEREZ, DANIEL ROBERTO PEREZ & MARIANA MORANDO 2011. Two new mountain lizard species of the Phymaturus genus (Squamata: Iguania) from northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Zootaxa 2924: 1–21 - get paper here
  • Avila, Luciano Javier; Cristian Hernan Fulvio Perez, IGNACIO MINOLI & Mariana Morando 2014. A new lizard of the Phymaturus genus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from Sierra Grande, northeastern Patagonia, Argentina. Zootaxa 3793 (1): 099–118 - get paper here
  • AVILA, LUCIANO JAVIER; LORENA ELIZABETH MARTINEZ & MARIANA MORANDO 2013. Checklist of lizards and amphisbaenians of Argentina: an update. Zootaxa 3616 (3): 201–238 - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Espinoza, Robert E. and Kevin de Queiroz 2008. Richard Emmett Etheridge. Copeia 2008, No. 3, 708–717 - get paper here
  • Lobo, Fernando; Cristian Abdala and Soledad Valdecantos 2010. Taxonomic Studies of the Genus Phymaturus (Iguania: Liolaemidae): Description of Four New Species. South American J. Herp. 5 (2):102-126 - get paper here
  • LOBO, FERNANDO; CRISTIAN ABDALA & SOLEDAD VALDECANTOS 2012. Morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationships within a South-American clade of iguanian lizards (Liolaemidae: Phymaturus). Zootaxa 3315: 1–41 - get paper here
  • Lobo, Fernando; Diego A. Barrasso, Marcos Paz and Néstor G. Basso 2018. Phylogenetic relationships within a patagonian clade of reptiles (Liolaemidae: Phymaturus) based on DNA sequences and morphology. J Zool Syst, DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12221 - get paper here
  • Perez, C.H.F.; N. Frutos; M. Kozykariski; M. Morando; D.R. Perez; L.J. Avila. 2011. Lizards of Rio Negro Province, northern Patagonia, Argentina. Check List 7 (3): 202-219 - get paper here
  • SCOLARO, JOSÉ ALEJANDRO; FAUSTO MÉNDEZ DE LA CRUZ & NORA R. IBARGÜENGOYTÍA 2012. A new species of Phymaturus of the patagonicus clade (Squamata, Liolaemidae) from isolated plateau of southwestern Rio Negro Province, Argentina. Zootaxa 3451: 17–30 - get paper here
  • Scolaro, José Alejandro; Valeria Corbalán, Osvaldo Fabián Tappari and Lorena Obregón Streitenberger 2016. LIZARDS AT THE END OF THE WORLD: A NEW MELANIC SPECIES OF PHYMATURUS OF THE PATAGONICUS CLADE FROM ROCKY OUTCROPS IN THE NORTHWESTERN STEPPE OF CHUBUT PROVINCE, PATAGONIA ARGENTINA (REPTILIA: IGUANIA: LIOLAEMIDAE). Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile, 65: 137-152
  • Vyas, Raju 2007. Present conservation scenario of reptile fauna in Gujarat State, India. Indian Forester, Oct 2007: 1381-1394 - get paper here
 
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