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Plestiodon longirostris COPE, 1861

IUCN Red List - Plestiodon longirostris - Critically Endangered, CR
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Higher TaxaScincidae, Scincinae, Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Longnose Skink, Bermuda Skink, Bermuda Rock Lizard 
SynonymPlestiodon longirostris COPE 1861: 313
Eumeces longirostris — TAYLOR 1936: 155
Eumeces longirostris — GRIFFITH, NGO & MURPHY 2000
Plestiodon longirostris — SCHMITZ et al. 2004 
DistributionBermuda Islands

Type locality: Bermuda Island  
Reproductionoviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesLectotype: USNM 4737 (largest of the 6 specimens under this number - SVL 71mm), Bermuda, collected J. H. Darrell, January, 1861. Designated by Taylor (1936). Original syntypes: INHS (= UIMNH) 40740 (USNM 4737), ANSP 9352-53. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis. Eumeces longirostris is a medium-sized species of the genus, reaching a body length of 80 mm., characterized by a dorsolateral line beginning above the first superciliary and continuing to base of tail; a lateral line beginning on the anterior labials and continuing to tail, sometimes broken on side of neck; evidence of a sublateral line in young. Scales small, in 32-36 rows around body, the dorsal and lateral scales smaller than ventrals, the laterals smallest, and arranged in distinct diagonal rows on the sides of body; a postnasal present; the postmental undivided; limbs long, strongly overlapping (18 millimeters in adults) when adpressed; four supraoculars, three touching the frontal; a large pair of nuchals, sometimes followed by a second very narrow pair; seven or eight upper labials, four or five preceding the subocular. The typical lines are lost in old specimens. (Taylor 1936: 155)


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Comment 
EtymologyPresumably named after the Latin longus (long) plus rostrum (nose), in reference to the elongate snout. 
References
  • Babcock, H. 1934. The Capture of the Bermudian Lizard, Eumeces longirostris Cope. Copeia, 1934(4), 182-182 - get paper here
  • BRANDLEY, MATTHEW C.; OTA, HIDETOSHI; HIKIDA, TSUTOMU; NIETO MONTES DE OCA, ADRIAN; FERIA-ORTIZ, MANUEL; GUO, XIANGUANG; WANG, YUEZHAO 2012. The phylogenetic systematics of blue-tailed skinks (Plestiodon) and the family Scincidae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 165 (1): 163-189 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1861. On the Reptilia of Sombrero and Bermuda. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13: 312-314. - get paper here
  • COUGHLAN, J.P.; L. KITSON, E. DILLANE, J. DAVENPORT and T. F. CROSS 2004. Characterization of six microsatellite loci in the Bermuda skink (Eumeces longirostris). Molecular Ecology Notes 4: 678–679 - get paper here
  • Dunn, E. R.; Conant, Roger 1937. The herpetological fauna of Bermuda [Anolis iodurus]. Herpetologica 1: 78-80 - get paper here
  • Griffith, H., A. Ngo & R. W. Murphy 2000. A cladistic evaluation of the cosmopolitan genus Eumeces Wiegmann (Reptilia, Squamata, Scincidae). Russ. J. Herpetol. 7 (1): 1-16 - get paper here
  • Hikida, T. & Motokawa, J. 1999. Phylogeographical relationships of the skinks of the genus Eumeces (Reptilia; Scincidae) in East Asia. in: Ota, H. (ed.) Tropical Island Herpetofauna, pp. 231-247 - get paper here
  • Kingman, R. H. 1932. A comparative study of the skull in the genus Eumeces of the family Scincidae. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 20 (15): 273-295 - get paper here
  • Richmond, J.Q. 2006. Evolutionary basis of parallelism in North American scincid lizards. EVOLUTI ON & DEVELOPMENT 8 (6): 477–490 - get paper here
  • ROCA, VICENTE & GERARDO GARCÍA 2021. Examination of the Helminth Fauna of the Bermuda Skink, Plestiodon longirostris (Scincidae), Utilizing Faecal Analysis. Caribbean Journal of Science 51(1): 104-108. - get paper here
  • Schmitz, Andreas; Patrick Mausfeld and Dirk Embert 2004. Molecular studies on the genus Eumeces Wiegmann, 1834: phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic implications. Hamadryad 28 (1-2): 73 – 89 - get paper here
  • Stroud, J.T., Giery, S.T. & Outerbridge, M.E. 2017. Establishment of Anolis sagrei on Bermuda represents a novel ecological threat to Critically Endangered Bermuda skinks (Plestiodon longirostris). Biol Invasions. doi:10.1007/s10530-017-1389-1 - get paper here
  • Taylor, E. H. 1936. A taxonomic study of the cosmopolitan lizards of the genus Eumeces with an account of the distribution and relationship of its species. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 23 (14): 1-643 [1935] - get paper here
  • Turner, H. 2017. Geographic Distribution: Plestiodon longirostris (Bermuda Skink). Herpetological Review 48 (4): 812 - get paper here
  • TURNER, H. 2018. Population Status and Conservation of the Critically Endangered Bermuda Skink. PhD thesis, University of Kent - get paper here
  • Turner, H., Griffiths, R., Outerbridge, M., & Garcia, G. 2021. Estimating population parameters for the Critically Endangered Bermuda skink using robust design capture–mark–recapture modelling. Oryx, 55 (1): 81-88 - get paper here
  • Turner, Heléna, Griffiths, Richard A., Garcia, Gerardo and Outerbridge, Mark E. 2017. Plestiodon longirostris (Bermuda Skink) Tail bifurcation. Herpetological Review 48 (1): 198-199 - get paper here
  • ZDUNEK, PRZEMYSŁAW & KRZYSZTOF KOLENDA. 2022. The threat of discarded food and drinks containers to monitor lizards. The Herpetological Bulletin 161: 28–30. - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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