Pliocercus elapoides COPE, 1860

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies	Pliocercus elapoides aequalis SALVIN 1861 Pliocercus elapoides diastema (BOCOURT 1886) Pliocercus elapoides elapoides COPE 1860 Pliocercus elapoides occidentalis SMITH & LANDY 1965
Common Names	E: Variegated False Coral Snake. S: Falas Coral Jaspeada
Synonym	Pliocercus elapoides COPE 1860: 253 Elapochrus deppei PETERS 1860: 294 Liophis tricinctus JAN 1863 Liophis elapoides — GARMAN 1884: 69 Pliocercus salvinii MÜLLER 1878 Liophis elapoides var. diastemus BOCOURT 1886 (1888?) Urotheca elapoides — BOULENGER 1894: 182 Urotheca elapoides elapoides — TAYLOR 1939 Pliocercus bicolor SMITH 1941 Pliocercus andrewsi SMITH 1942 Pliocercus elapoides celatus SMITH 1943 Pliocercus elapoides hobartsmithi LINER 1960 Pliocercus elapsoides — MALNATE 1971: 366 Urotheca elapoides — SAVAGE & CROTHER 1989 Pliocercus elapoides — MYERS & CADLE 1994 Urotheca elapoides — LINER 1994 Pliocercus psychoides SMITH & CHISZAR 1996 (fide WALLACH, pers. comm.) Pliocercus wilmarai SMITH, PEREZ-HIGAREDA & CHISZAR 1996 Urotheca elapoides — LEE 2000: 351 Pliocercus elapoides — SMITH & CHISZAR 2001 Pliocercus andrewsi — SMITH & CHISZAR 2001 Pliocercus bicolor — SMITH & CHISZAR 2001 Pliocercus elapoides wilmarai — SMITH & CHISZAR 2001 Pliocercus bicolor hobartsmithi — SMITH & CHISZAR 2001 Pliocercus elapoides —WILSON & MCCRANIE 2002 Pliocercus wilmarai — FLORES-VILLELA & CANSECO-MÁRQUEZ 2004 Pliocercus elapoides wilmarai — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008: 134 Pliocercus bicolor bicolor — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008: 133 Pliocercus bicolor hobartsmithi — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008: 133 Pliocercus bicolor andrewsi — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008: 133 Pliocercus elapoides — WALLACH et al. 2014: 570 Pliocercus elapoides aequalis SALVIN 1861 Pleiocercus aequalis SALVIN 1861: 227 Pliocercus aequalis — COPE 1862: 72 Elapochrus aequalis varietas — MÜLLER 1878: 662 Pliocercus salvinii — MÜLLER 1878:709 (nom. subst. pro E. aequalis varietas) Liophis tricinctus — MÜLLER 1878:750 (non JAN) Pliocercus aequalis — MÜLLER 1880 Pliocercus sargii FISCHER 1881: 225 Liophis elapoides aequalis — BOCOURT 1886: 637 Elapochrus aequalis — GÜNTHER 1893: 106 Urotheca elapoides aequalis — WERNER 1896: 348 Urotheca aequalis — GADOW 1911: 17 Urotheca elapoides elapoides — SMITH 1939: 469 (part.) Pliocercus elapoides laticollaris SMITH 1941: 122 Pliocercus elapoides semicinctus SCHMIDT 1941: 502 Pliocercus elapoides schmidti SMITH 1942: 161 Pliocercus elapoides laticollaris — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945 Pliocercus euryzonus aequalis — STUART 1948: 72 Pliocercus elapoides alvinii — STUART 1948: 67 Pliocercus laticollaris — TAYLOR 1949: 204 Pliocercus laticollaris — LINER 1960: 217 Pliocercus euryzonus aequalis — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 251 Pliocercus aequalis — PÉREZ-HIGAREDA & SMITH 1986 Pliocercus elapoides aequalis — SMITH & CHISZAR 2001 Pliocercus elapoides aequalis — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008 Pliocercus elapoides diastemus (BOCOURT 1886) Liophis elapoides diastema BOCOURT 1886: 636 Pliocercus elapoides diastemus — SMITH 1941: 120 Pliocercus elapoides diastemus — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945: 111 Pliocercus elapoides salvadorensis MERTENS 1952: 91 Pliocercus elapoides salvadorensis — MERTENS 1956 Pliocercus andrewsi pacificus SMITH & CHRAPLIWY 1957: 233 Pliocercus elapoides diastema — SMITH & CHISZAR 2001 Pliocercus elapoides diastema — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008 Pliocercus elapoides occidentalis SMITH & LANDY 1965 Pliocercus elapoides occidentalis SMITH & LANDY 1965: 1 Pliocercus elapoides occidentalis — SMITH & CHISZAR 1996 Pliocercus elapoides occidentalis — SMITH & CHISZAR 2001 Pliocercus elapoides occidentalis — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008
Distribution	SE Mexico (Quintana Roo, Campeche, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, Puebla, Querétaro etc.), Belize, Guatemala, Honduras (elevation 0-1670 m), El Salvador Type locality: “Jalapa” (= Xalapa), Veracruz, México. aequalis: Guatemala; Type locality, "San Gerónimo and the neighboring mountains ...of Vera Paz," in Baja Vera Paz, Guatemala. andrewsi (invalid): Mexico (Yucatan); Type locality: Libre Unitin,Yucatán." pacificus (invalid): Type locality: Mexico (Chiapas): Pacific slopes of Finca Custepec, District of Tonala, 40 mi ESE Tonala, Chiapas; bicolor (invalid): Mexico (Tamaulipas, Veracruz). Type locality: "Tuxpan, [Veracruz, Mexico]," in error, probably in the foothills west of there (fide SMITH & CHISZAR 2001, CAAR 737). diastema: Guatemala; Type locality, "Plateau of Guatemala." occidentalis: Mexico (Oaxaca); Type locality: Mexico: La Concepcion, near Putla, Oaxaca; wilmarai (invalid): Mexico (Veracruz); Type locality: 5.6 road mi ESE Tebanca (=Tabanca) (sic), Los Tuxtlas region, southern Veracruz.
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Syntypes: ANSP 3810-3 Holotype: FMNH 36323 (Libre Union, Yucatan, Mexico) [Pliocercus andrewsi] Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.1.4. an adult female, collected by R. Owen, 1860 [aequalis] Holotype: USNM 25203 [Pliocercus bicolor] Holotype: MVZ [celatus] Holotype: USNM 110767 [laticollaris] Syntypes: MNHN-RA 1888.0132-0133, adult males [diastema] Holotype AMNH 4433, the only known specimen of this species [Pliocercus psychoides] Holotype: INHS (= UIMNH) 40832, T. MacDougall; November 18, 1956. [Pliocercus andrewsi pacificus] Holotype: INHS (= UIMNH) 61410, T. MacDougall; May 24, 1965 [occidentalis] Holotype: MCZ 26843 [schmidti] Holotype: UTA R-3159 [wilmarai]
Diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS (andrewsi). Pliocercus andrewsi differs from all other species of the genus, except P. bicolor, in the combination of 5- 7 black rings on the body that are 50-125% of the length of the pale interspaces. Pliocercus bicolor rarely (1 in 55) has as few as 7 black rings on the body equally as long as those of P andrewsi, and differs also in having the posterior infralabial fused with the second labiogenial. In addition, P. andrewsi differs from the P. euryzonus complex (P. dimidiatus, P. euryzonus) in having tricolor rings. All other congeners have either more numerous black rings on the body or, if equally few, black rings that are much shorter than half the length of the pale interspaces [SMITH & CHISZAR 2001]. Additional details (626 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	This genus / species complex is in urgent need of revision. While Smith & Chiszar 2001 (CAAR) have summarized the state of knowledge at the time, there seems to be no molecular analysis of the relationships among the numerous subspecies and synonyms. A bicolour (red and black) OR tricolour (red, yellow and black) banded or ringed form that mimics the pattern of sympatric species of venomous coral snakes (Micrurus sp.) Subspecies: Smith & Chiszar 2001 (CAAR 739) listed 5 subspecies: elapoides, aequalis, diastema, occidentalis, and wilmarai (the latter of which is now often considered a valid species). Mimicry: Pliocercus elapoides (and Pliocercus wilmarai, if recognized) mimicks Micrurus bernadi, M. tener, M. diastema, and M. limbatus (TORRE-LORANCA et al. 2006). Type species: Pliocercus elapoides COPE 1860: 253 is the type species of the genus Pliocercus COPE 1860. Synonymy: Pliocercus and Urotheca have been synonymized by Savage & Crother 1989. However, other disagree and have kept the two genera separate (e.g. Smith et al. 1995: 204). P. wilmarai is a synonym of Pliocercus elapoides fide WALLACH et al. 2014: 570 and Heimes 2016: 284.
Etymology	The derivation of the specific name is from the Latin words elaps, meaning "snake or coralsnake" and oides, a suffix meaning "likeness," in reference to its similarity in color pattem to that of a coralsnake. The genus name Pliocercus is derived from the Greek words pleio, meaning "more" and kerkos, meaning "tail," in reference to the long and thick tail in members of this genus. The subspecies occidentalis ("of the west"), used here as an adjective, refers to the unique geographic occurrence of this subspecies. Pliocercus andrewsi honors the collector of the type specimens, E. Wyllys Andrews, who contributed extensively to the knowledge of the herpetofauna of the Yucatan Peninsula and to the collections of the Field Museum of Natural History.
References	Aguilar-López JL, Luría-Manzano R, Pineda E, Canseco-Márquez L 2021. Selva Zoque, Mexico: an important Mesoamerican tropical region for reptile species diversity and conservation. ZooKeys 1054: 127-153 - get paper here Akcali, C K 2018. Pliocercus elapoides (Variegated False Coralsnake) Defensive behavior. Herpetological Review 49 (2): 351-352 - get paper here Bocourt, M. F. 1886. In A. Duméril, M. F. Bocourt, and F. Mocquard, (1870-1909), Etudes sur les reptiles, p. i-xiv, 1-1012. In Recherches Zoologiques pour servir a l'Histoire de Ia Faune de l'Amérique Centrale et du Mexique. Mission Scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amér Imprimerie Impériale, Paris, Vol. 3 - get paper here Boulenger, George A. 1894. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, xi, 382 pp. - get paper here Calderon, R.; Cedeño-Vázquez, J.R. & Pozo, C. 2003. New distributional records for amphibians and reptiles from Campeche, Mexico. Herpetological Review 34 (3): 269-272 - get paper here Campbell, J.A. 1998. Amphibians and reptiles of northern Guatemala, the Yucatán, and Belize. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, xiii + 380 pp. - get paper here Carbajal-Márquez, Rubén A., Gustavo E. Quintero-Diaz, Zaira Y. González-Saucedo and Guillermo Mariínez-De La Vega. 2013. Pliocercus elapoides (variegated false coralsnake) reproduction/clutch size. Herpetological Review 44 (4): 697 - get paper here Casas-Andreu, G., F.R. Méndez-De la Cruz and X. Aguilar-Miguel. 2004. Anfibios y Reptiles; pp. 375–390, in A.J.M. García-Mendoza, J. Ordoñez and M. Briones-Salas (ed.). Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biología, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueño para la Conservación de la Naturaleza-World Wildlife Fund, México, D. F. Cope, E.D. 1860. Catalogue of the Colubridae in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part II. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 12: 241-266 - get paper here DÍAZ-GARCÍA, JUAN MANUEL; ALFONSO KELLY-HERNÁNDEZ & VÍCTOR VÁSQUEZ-CRUZ. 2022. DEPREDACIÓN DE Rheohyla miotympanum (ANURA: HYLIDAE) POR Pliocercus elapoides (SQUAMATA: COLUBRIDAE) EN EL CENTRO DE VERACRUZ. Revista Latinoamericana de Herpetología 5(3): 1–4. - get paper here Garman, Samuel 1884. The reptiles and batrachians of North America. Mem. Mus. comp. Zool, Cambridge (Massachusetts), 8 (3): xxxiv + 185 pp. [1883] [CNAH reprint 10] - get paper here González-Sánchez, V. H., J. D. Johnson, E. García-Padilla, V. Mata-Silva, D. L. DeSantis and L. D. Wilson. 2017. The Herpetofauna of the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(2): 264–380 - get paper here Gower, D.; Garrett, K. & Stafford, P. 2012. Snakes. Firefly Books, Buffalo, NY,<br>144 p.. Greene, Harry W. 1969. Unusual pattern and coloration in snakes of the genus Pliocercus from Veracruz. Journal of Herpetology 3 (1-2): 27-31 - get paper here Guerra Centeno, Dennis; Héctor Fuentes Rousselin & David Morán Villatoro 2012. Serpientes de Guatemala: Guía para didentificación de especies. Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, 186 pp. Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp Hernandez-Quintero, B. P., Nolasco-Morales, D. M., De La Torre-Loranca, M. A., Monroy-Sanchez, M. and Garcia-Vazquez, U. O. 2020. Pliocercus elapoides (variegated false coral snake). Diet. Herpetological Review 51: 154 - get paper here Johnson, Jerry D.; Vicente Mata-Silva, Elí García Padilla, and Larry David Wilson 2015. The Herpetofauna of Chiapas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (3): 272–329. - get paper here Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp. Laking AE, Solís JM, Brown T, Maddock ST, Burdekin O, Taylor P, Lonsdale G, Green SEW, Martin TE, Galdamez JR, Kolby JE, Erens J, Jocque M 2024. The amphibians and reptiles of Cusuco National Park, Northwest Honduras: updates from a long-term conservation programme. In: Lipińska M, Lopez-Selva MM, Sierra JM (Eds) Biodiversity research in Central America. Neotropical Biology and Conservation 19(2): 37-62 - get paper here Lee, J. C. 2000. A field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of the Maya world. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, Lee, J.C. 1996. The amphibians and reptiles of the Yucatán Peninsula. Comstock, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 500 pp. Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Woolrich-Piña GA 2018. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 753: 83-106 - get paper here Lemos-Espinal, Julio A. and James R. Dixon 2013. Amphibians and Reptiles of San Luis Potosí. Eagle Mountain Publishing, xii + 300 pp. Lemos-Espinal, Julio A., Geoffrey R. Smith 2015. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. Check List 11 (3): 1642 - get paper here Liner, Ernest A. 1960. A new subspecies of false coral snake (Pliocercus elapoides) from San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 5 (4): 217-220 - get paper here Malnate, Edmond V. 1971. A catalogue of primary types in the Herpetological Collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP). Proccedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 123 (9): 345-375 - get paper here Martin, Plul S. 1958. A biogeography of reptiles and amphibians in the Gomez Farias Region, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Miscellaneous publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (101): 1-102 + 7 plates - get paper here Mata-Silva, Vicente, Jerry D. Johnson, Larry David Wilson and Elí García-Padilla. 2015. The herpetofauna of Oaxaca, Mexico: composition, physiographic distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 6–62 - get paper here McCoy, Clarence J. 1966. Additions to the herpetofauna of southern El Petén, Guatemala. Herpetologica 22 (4): 306-308 - get paper here McCranie J R 2011. The snakes of Honduras. SSAR, Salt Lake City, 725 pp. McCranie, James R. 2015. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with additions, comments on taxonomy, some recent taxonomic decisions, and areas of further studies needed. Zootaxa 3931 (3): 352–386 - get paper here Mertens, R. 1952. Die Amphibien und Reptilien von El Salvador. Abh. senckenb. naturf. Ges. (Frankfurt) (No. 487): 120 pp. Mertens, R. 1956. Das Problem der Mimikry bei Korallenschlangen. Zool. Jahrb., Abt Syst. Ökol. Geogr. Tiere 84: 541-576 + plates 6-14 Mertens, R. 1956. Das Problem der Mimikry bei Korallenschlangen. English Translation by Andrew Durso. SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE 160 (2023) - get paper here Müller, F. 1880. Erster Nachtrag zum Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums. Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 7: 120-165 - get paper here Myers, C W. Cadle J E. 1994. A new genus for South American snakes related to Rhadinaea obtusa Cope (Colubridae) and resurrection of Taeniophallus Cope for the "Rhadinaea" brevirostris group. American Museum Novitates (3102): 1-33 - get paper here O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here Peters, Wilhem Carl Hartwig 1860. Eine neue Gattung von Schlangen, Elapochrus, aus Mexico. Monatsber. königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. 1860 (Juni): 293-294 - get paper here Rodríguez-Robles, Javier A., Good, David A., Wake, David B. 2003. Brief History of Herpetology in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, with a List of Type Specimens of Recent Amphibians and Reptiles. UC Publications in Zoology, 119 pp. - get paper here Salvin,O. 1861. On a collection of reptiles from Guatemala. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1861: 227-229 - get paper here Savage,J.M. & Crother,B.I. 1989. The status of Pliocercus and Urotheca (Serpentes: Colubridae), with a review of included species of coral snake mimics. Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 95: 335-362 - get paper here Schmidt, K. P, & ANDREWS, E. W. 1936. Notes on snakes from Yucatán. Field Mus. Nat Hist. Zool. Ser. 20: 167-187. - get paper here Smith H M; Perez-Higareda G; Chiszar D 1996. Observations on the snake genus Pliocercus, 2. The endemic species of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 32 (2): 75-79 - get paper here Smith H M; Wallach V; Chiszar D 1995. Observations on the snake genus Pliocercus, 1. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 31 (4): 204-214 - get paper here Smith, H. M., & CHRAPLIWY, P. S. 1957. A new subspecies of the Central American false coral snakes (Pliocercus). Herpetologica 13: 233-235. - get paper here Smith, H. M.; Chiszar, D. 2001. Reassessment of the nominal species of false coral snakes, Pliocercus psychoides (Reptilia: Serpentes). Southwestern Naturalist 46 (1): 114-115 - get paper here Smith, H.M. 1941. On the Mexican snakes of the genus Pliocercus. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 54: 119-124. - get paper here Smith, Hobart M. 1943. Another Mexican snake of the genus Pliocercus. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 33 (11): 344-345 - get paper here Smith, Hobart M. and David Chiszar 2001. Pliocercus elapoides Cope Variegated False Coral Snake. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (739): 1-11 - get paper here Smith, Hobart M. and David Chiszar 2001. Pliocercus Cope False Coral Snakes. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (735): 1-9 - get paper here Smith, Hobart M. and David Chiszar 2001. Pliocercus bicolor Smith Northern False Coral Snake. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (737): 1-4 - get paper here Smith, Hobart M. and David Chiszar 2001. Pliocercus andrewsi Smith, Andrew's False Coral Snake. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (736): 1-3 - get paper here Smith, Hobart M. and Macreay J. Landy 1965. New and unusual snakes of the genus Pliocercus from Oaxaca, Mexico. Natural History Miscellanea 183:1-4 Solís, J. M., L. D. Wilson, and J. H. Townsend. 2014. An updated list of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with comments on their nomenclature. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1: 123–144 - get paper here Taylor,E.H. 1949. A preliminary account of the herpetology of the state of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 33 (2): 169-215 - get paper here Tepos-Ramírez M, Garduño-Fonseca FS, Peralta-Robles CA, García-Rubio OR, Cervantes Jiménez R 2023. Annotated checklist of amphibians and reptiles from Querétaro, Mexico, including new records, and comments on controversial species. Check List 19(2): 269-292 - get paper here Terán-Juárez, Sergio A., Elí García Padilla, Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson and Larry David Wilson. 2016. The herpetofauna of Tamaulipas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (1): 43–113 - get paper here Torre-Loranca, M.A. de la; Aguirre-León, G. & López-Luna, M.A. 2006. Coralillos verdaderos (Serpentes: Elapidae) y Coralillos falsos (Serpentes: Colubridae) de Veracruz, México. Acta Zoologica Mexicana 22 (3): 11-22 - get paper here Torres-Hernández, LA, Ramírez-Bautista A, Cruz-Elizalde R, Hernández-Salinas U, Berriozabal-Islas C, DeSantis DL, Johnson JD, Rocha A, García-Padilla E, Mata-Silva V, Fucsko LA, and Wilson LD. 2021. The herpetofauna of Veracruz, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2) [General Section]: 72–155 - get paper here Townsend, J. H., L. D. Wilson, M. Medina-Flores, E. Aguilar-Urbina, B. K. Atkinson et al. 2012. A premontane hotspot for herpetological endemism on the windward side of Refugio de Vida Silvestre Texíguat, Honduras. Salamandra 48 (2): 92-114 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Wilson, L.D. 1968. A Fracture Plane in the Caudal Vertebrae of Pliocercus elapoides (Serpentes: Colubridae) Journal of Herpetology 1 (1/4): 93-94. - get paper here Wilson, L.D. & McCranie, J.R. 2003. The herpetofauna of the cloud forests of Honduras. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 3 (1): 34-48 - get paper here Wilson, Larry David and James R. McCranie 2002. Update on the list of reptiles know from Honduras. Herpetological Review 33 (2):90-94 - get paper here Wilson, Larry david;McCranie, James R. 1997. Publication in non-peer-reviewed outlets: The case of Smith and Chiszar's "Species-Group Taxa of the False Coral Snake Genus Pliocercus". Herpetological Review 28 (1): 18-21 - get paper here Wilson, Larry David;McCranie, James R.;Espinal, Mario R. 1996. Coral snake mimics of the genus Pliocercus (Family Colubridae) in Honduras and their mimetic relationships with Micrurus (Family Elapidae). Herpetological Natural History 4 (1): 57-63 Woolrich-Piña, G. A., E. García-Padilla, D. L. DeSantis, J. D. Johnson, V. Mata-Silva, and L. D. Wilson 2017. The herpetofauna of Puebla, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(4): 791–884 - get paper here
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