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Polychrus auduboni (HALLOWELL, 1845)

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Higher TaxaPolychrotidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesS: Camaleón, falso camaleón
E: Smooth-backed Bush Anole, Common monkey lizard, Many-colored bush anole 
SynonymLeiolepis auduboni HALLOWELL 1845
Polychrus marmoratus marmoratus – BURT & BURT 1933: 41. [in part]
Polychrus marmoratus – ROZE 1958: 2
Polychrus marmoratus — UGUETO & RIVAS 2010
Polychrus auduboni — MURPHY et al. 2017 
DistributionVenezuela (Cordillera de Costa, probably llanos and Orinoco Delta), Trinidad and Tobago. Probably Isla de Margarita.

Type locality: “Colombia within 200 miles of Caracas.”; Restricted to La Cumbre, Maracay, Aragua, Venezuela (~10.233333 -67.333336), by Murphy et al. 2017.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ANSP 8138 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Loreal usually fragmented into two scales; supranasal not in contact with loreal; two or three internasals; loreal contacts upper labials 2–3–4; vertebral rows 93–112; scales around mid-body 62–80; lamellae on fourth toe 30–43; usually three scales (2–4) between the first canthals, and five scales (4–6) between the second canthals; nasal does not usually contact first upper labial, but does contact the second and third; total femoral pores 17–28; multicarinate scales in paravertebral rows few or none; paravertebrals much larger than laterals; the number of supraocular rows usually five, rarely four or six; scales on anterior of snout finely striated with scattered tiny tubercles; scales on anterior surface of humerus keeled (Murphy et al. 2017). 
CommentSynonymy: previously a synonym of P. marmoratus but ignored by most authors; revalidated by Murphy et al. 2017, who, however, did not present any molecular data about its relationship with other species. 
EtymologyNot given in original description but presumably named after John James Audubon (born Jean-Jacques Rabin; April 26, 1785 – January 27, 1851), an American self-trained artist, naturalist, and ornithologist. 
References
  • Burt, C. E., and M. D. Burt 1933. A preliminary check list of the lizards of South America. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 28: 1-104.
  • Hallowell, E. 1845. Descriptions of reptiles from South America, supposed to be new. Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 2: 241-247 - get paper here
  • Hedges SB, Powell R, Henderson RW, Hanson S, and Murphy JC 2019. Definition of the Caribbean Islands biogeographic region, with checklist and recommendations for standardized common names of amphibians and reptiles. Caribbean Herpetology 67: 1–53
  • Murphy JC, Lehtinen RM, Charles SP, Wasserman D, Anton T, Brennan PJ. 2017. Cryptic multicolored lizards in the Polychrus marmoratus Group (Squamata: Sauria: Polychrotidae) and the status of Leiolepis auduboni Hallowell. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 11(1) [General Section]: 1–16 - get paper here
  • Rivas, G. A., Lasso-Alcalá, O. M., Rodríguez-Olarte, D., De Freitas, M., Murphy, J. C., Pizzigalli, C., ... & Jowers, M. J. 2021. Biogeographical patterns of amphibians and reptiles in the northernmost coastal montane complex of South America. Plos one, 16(3): e0246829 - get paper here
  • Roze, J. A. 1958. On Hallowell's type specimens of reptiles from Venezuela in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. [type catalogue] Notulae Naturae (309): 1-4
  • Señaris, J. Celsa; María Matilde Aristeguieta Padrón, Haidy Rojas Gil y Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic 2018. Guía ilustrada de los anfibios y reptiles del valle de Caracas, Venezuela. Ediciones IVIC, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC). Caracas, Venezuela. 348 pp.
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Koch C, Venegas PJ, Poe S 2017. Phylogeny and diversity of neotropical monkey lizards (Iguanidae: Polychrus Cuvier, 1817). PLoS One 12 (6): e0178139 - get paper here
 
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