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Polychrus gutturosus BERTHOLD, 1846

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Higher TaxaPolychrotidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Berthold's Bush Anole
G: Gefleckter Buntleguan 
SynonymPolychrus gutturosus BERTHOLD 1845
Polychrus gutturosus BERTHOLD 1846: 11
Polychrus (Chaunolaemus) multicarinatus PETERS 1869: 768
Polychrus gutturosus — BOULENGER 1885: 100
Polychrus spurrelli BOULENGER 1914: 814
Polychrus gutturosus spurrelli — PARKER 1935: 516
Polychrus gutturosus spurrelli — PETERS et al. 1970: 234
Polychrus gutturosus — PETERS et al. 1970: 233
Polychrus gutturosus — KÖHLER 2000: 83
Polychrus gutturosus — KOCH et al. 2011
Polychrus gutturosus — SUNYER & MARTÍNEZ-FONSECA 2023 
DistributionHonduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama,
W Ecuador, E Colombia (incl. Valle del Cauca)

Type locality: Popayán, W Colombia [there are both a city and a province of that name in Colombia, see KOCH et al. 2011 for a discussion].  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZFMK 21341 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (Tab. 3). (1) A Polychrus with a maximum known SVL of 170 mm; (2) dorsal and gular crest absent; (3) 63 to 82 scales around midbody; (4) 75 to 105 scales in middorsal row from behind the occipital scales to the level of the posterior edge of the thigh; (5) femoral pores 9 to 21 on one side (Fig. 6E); (6) lamellae on finger IV 25–36; (7) lamellae on toe IV 35–45 (Fig. 6D); (8) tail 2.36–3.55 times longer than SVL; (9) dorsal scales smooth or with 1–3 keels; (10) ventral scales with 1–5 keels; (11) gular scales oval, mostly striated, much larger than ventrals, those on gular fan widely separated by granular skin (Fig. 6C); (12) a sexual dichromatism present [from KOCH et al. 2011]. 
CommentSynonymy: partly after Peters et al. 1970. KOCH et al. 2011 synonymized P. spurrelli with P. gutturosus. 
EtymologyThe name gutturosus is Latin meaning ‘‘with enlarged throat,’’ and alludes to the extensible, saclike dewlap of males of this species. 
References
  • Antúnez-Fonseca CA, Martínez M, King TW, Ordoñez-Mazier DI, Wilson LD, Turcios-Casco MA 2022. Filling a gap in the distribution of the Berthold’s Bush Anole, Polychrus gutturosus (Squamata, Polychrotidae), in Honduras. Herpetozoa 35: 219-223 - get paper here
  • Barquero, M. D., Arguedas, V. V., Ovares, L., Vargas, R., & Arguedas, R. R. 2024. Sexual dimorphism and ecomorphology of the Berthold’s bush anole (Polychrus gutturosus) in Costa Rica. Amphibia-Reptilia, 1(aop), 1-12
  • Berthold,A.A. 1846. Über verschiedene neue oder seltene Reptilien aus Neu-Granada und Crustaceen aus China. Abh. K. Gesell. Wiss. Göttingen 3: 3-32 - get paper here
  • Berthold,A.A. 1846. Mittheilungen über das zoologische Museum zu Göttingen. I. Verzeichnisss der aufgestellten Reptilien. Nachr. G. A. Univ. K. Gesell. Wiss. Göttingen 8-10: 1-28
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1914. On a second collection of batrachians and reptiles made by Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell, F.Z.S. in the Chocó, Colombia. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1914: 813-817 - get paper here
  • Bringsøe, Henrik, Olman Alfaro Sánchez and Hans Ole Hansen. 2016. First record and distributional extension for Polychrus gutturosus Berthold, 1845 (Squamata: Polychrotidae) in the Península de Nicoya of northwestern Costa Rica, with a new record from Provincia de San José. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(4): 1091–1094 - get paper here
  • Castro-Herrera, F. & Vargas-Salinas, F. 2008. Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Biota Colombiana 9 (2): 251 - 277 - get paper here
  • Cortés Gómez, Angela María; Anyelet Valencia Aguilar, Diana Marcela Torres Domínguez, Lina María García Calderón, Diego Fernando Villaquirán Martínez, Andrea del Pilar Cáceres Franco, Fernando Castro Herrera 2010. Guía de los anfibios y reptiles. Área en conservación de la microcuenca Quebrada Pericos. [Valle de Cauca, Colombia]. Corporación Autónoma Regional del Valle del Cauca, Santiago de Cali: CVC, 37 pp. - get paper here
  • Gómez-Hoyos, Diego A.; Sergio Escobar-Lasso, Tatiana Suarez-Joaqui, Julián A. Velasco 2015. Predation on the bush anole Polychrus gutturosus by the parrot snake Leptophis ahaetulla, with a new record of the bush anole for the Gorgona Island National Natural Park, Colombia. Herpetology Notes 8: 297-301 - get paper here
  • Herr, Mark W. and Daniel Herr. 2014. Geographical Distribution: Polychrus gutturosus (Berthold's bush anole). Herpetological Review 45 (4): 662 - get paper here
  • Hilje B, Chaves G, Klank J, Timmerman F, Feltham J, Gillingwater S, Piraino T, Rojas E 2020. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Tirimbina Biological Reserve: a baseline for conservation, research and environmental education in a lowland tropical wet forest in Costa Rica. Check List 16(6): 1633-1655 - get paper here
  • Koch, Claudia;, Pablo J. Venegas, Antonio Garcia-Bravo,, Wolfgang Böhme 2011. A new bush anole (Iguanidae, Polychrotinae, Polychrus) from the upper Marañon basin, Peru, with a redescription of Polychrus peruvianus (Noble, 1924) and additional information on P. gutturosus Berthold, 1845. ZooKeys 141: 79–107 - get paper here
  • Köhler, G. 2000. Reptilien und Amphibien Mittelamerikas, Bd 1: Krokodile, Schildkröten, Echsen. Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach, 158 pp.
  • Köhler, G. 2003. Das Leguanportrait: Polychrus gutturosus BERTHOLD 1845. Iguana Rundschreiben 16 (1): 5-8
  • Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp.
  • McCranie, James R. 2015. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with additions, comments on taxonomy, some recent taxonomic decisions, and areas of further studies needed. Zootaxa 3931 (3): 352–386 - get paper here
  • McCranie, James R. 2018. The Lizards, Crocodiles, and Turtles of Honduras. Systematics, Distribution, and Conservation. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Special Publication Series (2): 1- 666 - get paper here
  • ORD, T. J.; D. A. KLOMP, J. GARCIA-PORTA & M. HAGMAN 2015. Repeated evolution of exaggerated dewlaps and other throat morphology in lizards. J. evol. Biol., doi: 10.1111/jeb.12709 - get paper here
  • Ortleb, Edward; Heatwole, Harold 1965. Comments on some Panamanian lizards with a key to the species from Barro Colorado Island, C.Z. and vicinity. Carib. J. Sci. 5 (3-4):141-147.
  • Páez, V.P. et al. 2002. Guía de campo de algunas especies de anfibios y reptiles de Antioquia. Universidad de Antioquia, - get paper here
  • Peters, Wilhem Carl Hartwig 1869. Über neue Saurier (Chaunolæmus multicarinatus, Tropidolepisma richardi und Gymnodactylus steudneri) und Batrachier (Cyclohamphus fasciatus und Hyla gracilenta). Monatsber. königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. 1869 (November): 786-790 - get paper here
  • Restrepo A, Molina-Zuluaga C, Hurtado JP, Marín CM, Daza JM 2017. Amphibians and reptiles from two localities in the northern Andes of Colombia. Check List 13 (4): 203-237 - get paper here
  • Savage, J.M. 2002. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna Between Two Continents, Between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, 934 pp. [review in Copeia 2003 (1): 205]
  • Schlüter, Uwe 2013. Buntleguane - Lebensweise, Pflege und Fortpflanzung. KUS-Verlag, 80 pp. - get paper here
  • Solís, J. M., J. Adams, and C. M. O’Reilly. 2017. Polychrus gutturosus Berthold, 1845. Honduras, Atlántida. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(3): 666–668 - get paper here
  • Solís, J. M., L. D. Wilson, and J. H. Townsend. 2014. An updated list of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with comments on their nomenclature. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1: 123–144 - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier 2014. An updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1 (2): 186–202. - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier & José́ Gabriel Martínez-Fonseca 2023. An updated country checklist to the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. REVISTA NICARAGÜENSE DE BIODIVERSIDAD (100): 1-25 - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier, José Gabriel Martínez-Fonseca and Milton Salazar-Saavedra. 2016. New departmental records for lizards in Nicaragua. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(4): 1049–1054 - get paper here
  • Taylor, E. H. 1956. A review of the lizards of Costa Rica. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 38 (part 1): 3-322 - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Koch C, Venegas PJ, Poe S 2017. Phylogeny and diversity of neotropical monkey lizards (Iguanidae: Polychrus Cuvier, 1817). PLoS One 12 (6): e0178139 - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
  • Valencia-Zuleta A, Jaramillo-Martínez AF, Echeverry-Bocanegra A, Viáfara-Vega R, Hernández-Córdoba O, Cardona-Botero VE, Gutiérrez-Zúñiga J, Castro-Herrera F. 2014. Conservation status of the herpetofauna, protected areas, and current problems in Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 8 (2): 1–18 (e87) - get paper here
 
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