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Prasinohaema flavipes (PARKER, 1936)

IUCN Red List - Prasinohaema flavipes - Least Concern, LC

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Higher TaxaScincidae, Sphenomorphinae (Sphenomorphini), Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Common Green Tree Skink 
SynonymLygosoma flavipes PARKER 1936: 89
Lygosoma (Leiolopisma) flavipes — SMITH 1937: 224
Sphenomorphus flavipes — WOODRUFF 1972
Prasinohaema flavipes — GREER 1974: 12
Prasinohaema flavipes — MYS 1988: 141
Prasinohaema flavipes — KRAUS 2010
Prasinohaema flavipes — RODRIGUEZ et al. 2018
Prasinohaema flavipes — SLAVENKO et al. 2021 
DistributionPapua New Guinea, elevation 1400-2000 m

Type locality: Mondo, Papua (5000 ft. elevation)  
Reproductionovoviviparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.8.17.75 (formerly 1935.5.10.149 as cited by Parker, 1936: 89), female 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): Large (adult SVL up to 103 mm; Meiri, 2018) arboreal skinks with short limbs (forelimbs 27.7–31.4% of SVL, hindlimbs 29.9–34.1% of SVL); lobules present on anterior edge of ear opening; two pairs of chin shields in medial contact; three supralabials posterior to subocular supralabial; chin shields separated from infralabials by a row of genials; lower eyelid with window variable in size, opaqueness and scaliness; temporal region fragmented (> 3 scales); nasal scale undivided; frontoparietals unfused; viviparous; litter size 2–9; green blood serum and tissues; tail prehensile with a glandular tip; subdigital lamellae greatly expanded basally. Prasinohaema differs from Lobulia and Papuascincus by having green blood serum and tissues (Greer, 1974), a prehensile tail with a glandular tip and basally expanded subdigital lamellae, by having the chin shields separated from the infralabials by a row of genials (vs. chin shields abutting the infralabials) and by having a fragmented temporal region (vs. the standard three-scale arrangement). It further differs from Papuascincus by having two pairs of chin shields in medial contact (vs. one), unfused (vs. fused) frontoparietals, an undivided (vs. divided) nasal scale and by its viviparous (vs. oviparous) reproductive mode.


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CommentType Species: Lygosoma flavipes is the type species of the genus Prasinohaema GREER 1974.

Phylogenetics: Genome comparisons revealed that the species of Prasinohaema are not closely related (Rodriguez et al. 2018). For instance, P. virens is most closely related to Lipinia longiceps. However, Rodriguez et al. 2018 do not make any taxonomic recommendations in their paper (in which they also mention two new Prasinohaema species, without further details). 
EtymologyNamed after the yellow (Latin “flavus”) soles of the feet (Latin pes).

The genus has been named after its green (Greek “prasinos”) blood (Greek “haima”) pigment. 
References
  • Austin,C.C. and K. W. Jessing 1994. Green-blood pigmentation in lizards. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 109A (3): 619-626 - get paper here
  • Greer, A.E. 1974. The generic relationships of the scincid lizard genus Leiolopisma and its relatives. Australian Journal of Zoology 31: 1-67. - get paper here
  • Kraus, Fred 2010. COLOUR-PATTERN POLYMORPHISM IN LIZARDS OF THE GENUS PRASINOHAEMA (SQUAMATA: SCINCIDAE). Herpetofauna 40 (1): 30-36
  • Mys, Benoit 1988. The zoogeography of the scincid lizards from North Papua New Guinea (Reptilia: Scincidae). I. The distribution of the species. Bull. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique (Biologie) 58: 127-183
  • Parker, H.W. 1936. A collection of reptiles and amphibians from the mountains of British New Guinea. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 17: 66-93 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1937. A review of the genus Lygosoma (Scincidae: Reptilia) and its allies. Records of the Indian Museum 39 (3): 213-234
  • Woodruff, D.S. 1972. Amphibians and reptiles from Simbai, Bismarck-Schrader Range, New Guinea. Mem. Nat. Mus. Vict. 33: 57-64 - get paper here
  • Rodriguez, Z. B., Perkins, S. L., & Austin, C. C. 2018. Multiple origins of green blood in New Guinea lizards. Science Advances, 4(5): 1-7 - get paper here
 
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