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Psammophylax tritaeniatus (GÜNTHER, 1868)

IUCN Red List - Psammophylax tritaeniatus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaPsammophiidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesPsammophylax tritaeniatus tritaeniatus (GÜNTHER 1868)
Psammophylax tritaeniatus subniger LAURENT 1956 
Common NamesE: Three-lined Grass Snake, Striped Skaapsteker
G: Gestreifter Shaapsteker 
SynonymRhagerrhis tritaeniatus GÜNTHER 1868: 423
Rhagerhis tritaeniata — BOCAGE 1896: 112
Psammophylax tritaeniatus fitzgeraldi BROADLEY 1960
Psammophylax tritaeniatus — AUERBACH 1987: 163
Psammophylax tritaeniatus — BROADLEY 1998
Psammophylax tritaeniatus — BROADLEY et al. 2003: 154
Psammophylax tritaeniatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 594
Psammophylax tritaeniatus — BATES et al. 2014: 382
Psammophylax tritaeniatus — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 443

Psammophylax tritaeniatus subniger LAURENT 1956: 237
Psammophylax tritaeniatus subniger — KEATES et al. 2019

Psammophylax tritaeniatus tritaeniatus (GÜNTHER 1868)
Rhagerrhis tritaeniatus GÜNTHER 1868: 423
Psammophylax tritaeniatus — PETERS 1869: 661
Coronella tritaeniata GÜNTHER 1881: 329
Trimerorhinus tritaeniatus — BOULENGER 1896: 139 (part.)
Trimerorhinus tritaeniatus — ANGEL 1925
Cerastes tritaeniatus tritaeniatus — MERTENS 1930: 14
Psammophylax tritaeniatus tritaeniatus — BROADLEY 1959
Psammophylax tritaeniatus tritaeniatus — FITZSIMONS 1966
Psammophylax tritaeniatus tritaeniatusr — KEATES et al. 2019 
DistributionNE Namibia, N Botswana, Zimbabwe, NE Republic of South Africa, Angola, S Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, S Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire), Zambia, Mozambique

Type locality: Southern Africa.

subniger: SE Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire), Burundi, Rwanda; Type locality: “Kipiri, 2000 m [elevation], plateau des Marungu, Terr. de Baudouinville, Tanganika”

vanoyei: NE Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire); Type locality: “Blukwa, Terr. de Djugu, Ituri”  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesType: BMNH 1946.1.2.78 (and possibly additional specimens).
Holotype: RMCA (= MRAC = RGMC) 18597, male [subniger]
Holotype: RMCA (= MRAC = RGMC) 17001, male [vanoyei] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (920 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentP. t. festivus, subniger, vanoyei fide Jirka Schmidt (pers. comm.). The status of the subspecies seems unclear.

Synonymy partly after FITZSIMONS 1966 and Branch & Bates 2018. 
References
  • Angel, Fernand 1925. Résultats Scientifiques. Vertebrata. Reptiles et Batraciens. [Mabuia (Mabuiopsis) jeanneli, Lygosoma graueri quinquedigitata, Ablepharus massaiensis]. In: Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique Orientale (1911-1912). - Paris, 2: 1-63.
  • Auerbach, R.D. 1987. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Botswana. Mokwepa Consultants, Botswana, 295 pp.
  • Baptista NL, António T, Branch WR. 2019. The herpetofauna of Bicuar National Park and surroundings, southwestern Angola: a preliminary checklist. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13(2) [Special Section]: 96–130 (e203) - get paper here
  • Bates, Michael F. and Rick Nuttall. 2013. A case of death-feigning in the Stripted Grass Snake Psammophylax tritaeniatus (Günther), with a review on the occurrence of this phenomenon in southern and eastern African snakes. African Herp News (60): 5-9 - get paper here
  • Bauer, Aaron M.; Branch, William R. & Haacke, Wulf D. 1993. The herpetofauna of the Kamanjab area and adjacent Damaraland, Namibia. Madoqua (Windhoek) 18 (2): 117-145. - get paper here
  • Bocage, J. V. Barboza du. 1896. Mammiferos, aves e reptis da Hanha, no sertào de Benguella. Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physîcas e Naturaes, Lisboa (2) 14: 105-114. - get paper here
  • Bocage, J.V.B. de 1897. Mammiferos, aves e reptis da Hanha, no sertào de Benguella. (Segunda lista). Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physîcas e Naturaes, Lisboa (2) 14: 207-211
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  • Broadley, D.G. 1960. Serpentes, Colubridae: Psammophylax tritaeniatus fitzgeraldi. Occ. Pap. Natn. Mus. S. Rhodesia (Ser. B) 3: 431-432
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  • Broadley, D.G. 1998. The reptilian fauna of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa). In: Schmidt, K.P. and Noble, G.K., Contributions to the Herpetology of the Belgian Congo... [reprint of the 1919 and 1923 papers]. SSAR Facsimile reprints in Herpetology, 780 pp.
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  • CONRADIE, WERNER; NINDA L. BAPTISTA, LUKE VERBURGT, CHAD KEATES, JAMES HARVEY, TIMOTEO JULIO & GOTZ NEEF. 2021. Contributions to the herpetofauna of the Angolan Okavango-Cuando-Zambezi river drainages. Part 1: Serpentes (snakes). Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2): 244–278. - get paper here
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  • Günther, A. 1868. Sixth account of new species of snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 1: 413-429 - get paper here
  • Haagner, G. V. 1986. Life History Note: Psammophylax tritaeniatus: Reproduction. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (32): 35-35 - get paper here
  • Haagner,G.V.; Branch,W.R. & Haagner,A.J.F. 2000. Notes on a collection of reptiles from Zambia and adjacent areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Annals of the Eastern Cape Museum 1: 1 – 25
  • Hartmann, Jörg 1998. Der Gestreifte Shaapsteker (Psammophylax tritaeniatus) - Porträt einer Rarität in der Terraristik. Elaphe 6 (1): 17-22
  • Herrmann, H.-W.; W.R. Branch 2013. Fifty years of herpetological research in the Namib Desert and Namibia with an updated and annotated species checklist. Journal of Arid Environments 93: 94–115 - get paper here
  • Keates, C, Conradie, W, Greenbaum, E, Edwards, S. 2019. A Snake in the grass: Genetic structuring of the widespread African grass snake (Psammophylax Fitzinger 1843), with the description of a new genus and a new species. J Zool Syst Evol Res. 57: 1039– 1066 - get paper here
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  • Marques, Mariana P.; Luis M. P. Ceríaco , David C. Blackburn , and Aaron M. Bauer 2018. Diversity and Distribution of the Amphibians and Terrestrial Reptiles of Angola -- Atlas of Historical and Bibliographic Records (1840–2017). Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 4) 65: 1-501 (Supplement II)
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