Pseudalsophis biserialis (GÜNTHER, 1860)

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae (Dipsadinae), Alsophiini, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies	Pseudalsophis biserialis biserialis (GÜNTHER 1860) Pseudalsophis biserialis eibli (MERTENS 1960)
Common Names	E: Galapagos Racer
Synonym	Herpetodryas biserialis GÜNTHER 1860: 78 Alsophis biserialis — THOMAS 1997 Alsophis biserialis — CROTHER 1999 Philodryas biserialis — SWASH & STILL 2000 Alsophis biserialis — GREHAN 2001 Pseudalsophis biserialis — ZAHER et al. 2009 Alsophis biseralis — ZUG 2013 (in error) Pseudalsophis biserialis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 595 Pseudalsophis biserialis biserialis (GÜNTHER 1860) Herpetodryas biserialis GÜNTHER 1860 Dromicus biserialis biserialis — HELLER 1903: 93 (part.) Alsophis biserialis biserialis — THOMAS 1997 Philodryas biserialis biserialis — SWASH & STILL 2000 Pseudalsophis biserialis — ZAHER et al. 2009 Pseudalsophis biserialis eibli (MERTENS 1960) Dromicus biserialis eibli MERTENS 1960: 136 Philodryas biserialis eibli — SWASH & STILL 2001
Distribution	Ecuador: Galapagos Islands Type locality: “Charles Island (Galapagos Islands)” [= Floreana Island, Galapagos, Ecuador].
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.4.56 Holotype: SMF 56717 [eibli]
Diagnosis	Additional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2458 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Alsophis biserialis dorsalis (STEINDACHNER 1876) and Alsophis biserialis occidentalis (VAN DENBURGH 1912) have been reassigned to A. dorsalis. Zaher et al. (2008) state that this form clearly does not belong to Philodryas. We thus relegate it back to Alsophis despite recent assignments to Philodryas.
Etymology	Named after Latin bisrialis, having two rows or series. [“...with a dark-brown dorsal band, serrated on the anterior portion of the trunk, and formed by a double series of spots on the middle and on the posterior part of the back...”]. (from Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., May 2024)
References	Crother, Brian I. 1999. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WEST INDIAN XENODONTINE SNAKES (SERPENTES; COLUBRIDAE) WITH COMMENTS ON THE PHYLOGENY OF SOME MAINLAND XENODONTINES. Contemporary Herpetology 2 - get paper here Grehan, John 2001. Biogeography and evolution of the Galapagos: integration of the biological and geological evidence. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 74: 267–287 - get paper here Günther, A. 1860. On a new snake from the Galapagos islands. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 6: 78-79 - get paper here Heller, Edmund 1901. Papers from the Hopkins Stanford Galapagos Expedition, 1898-1899. WIV. Reptiles. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 39-98 - get paper here Mertens, Robert 1960. Über die Schlangen der Galapagos Inseln. Senckenbergiana Biologica 41 (3/4): 133-141 Ortiz-Catedral, Luis; Eli Christian, Michael J. A. Skirrow, Danny Rueda, Christian Sevilla, Kumar Kirtana, Enzo MR Reyes, Jennifer C. Daltry 2019. Diet of six species of Galapagos terrestrial snakes (Pseudalsophis spp.) inferred from fecal samples. Herpetology Notes 12: 701-704 - get paper here Steindachner, F. 1876. Die Schlangen und Eidechsen der Galapagos-Inseln. Festschr. zool.-bot. Ges., Wien 1876: 303-329 - get paper here Swash, A. & Still, R. 2000. Birds, Mammals and Reptiles of the Galapagos Islands. Pica Press, 168 pp. Thomas, Robert A 1997. Galapagos terrestrial snakes: biogeography and systematics. Herpetological Natural History 5 (1): 19-40 Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here Van Denburgh, John 1912. Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Galapagos Islands, 1905-1906. IV. The snakes of the Galapagos Islands. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 4) 1: 323-374 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Zaher, H.; Scrocchi, G. & Masiero, R. 2008. Rediscovery and redescription of the type of Philodryas laticeps Werner, 1900 and the taxonomic status of P. oligolepis Gomes, 1921 (Serpentes, Colubridae). Zootaxa 1940: 25–40 - get paper here Zaher, Hussam; Grazziotin, Felipe Gobbi; Cadle, John E.; Murphy, Robert W.; Moura-Leite, Julio Cesar de; Bonatto, Sandro L 2009. Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South American Xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. Pap. Avulsos Zool. (São Paulo) 49 (11): 115-153 - get paper here ZUG, G.R. 2013. Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands. University of California Press, Berkeley, 306 pp. - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List http://www.amazilia.net/images/Herps/Snakes/GalapagosRacer.htm http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/Zoology/Zoology-idx?type=turn… http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/Zoology/Zoology-idx?type=turn… https://bioweb.bio/faunaweb/reptiliaweb/FichaEspecie/Pseudalsophis… Google images

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