Pseudalsophis occidentalis (VAN DENBURGH, 1912)

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae (Dipsadinae), Alsophiini, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names
Synonym	Dromicus occidentalis VAN DENBURGH 1912: 347 Dromicus occidentalis helleri VAN DENBURGH 1912: 349 Dromicus dorsalis occidentalis — MERTENS 1960: 139 Dromicus dorsalis helleri — MERTENS 1960: 138 Alsophis biserialis occidentalis — THOMAS 1997: 36 Alsophis dorsalis occidentalis — SWASH & STILL 2000 Alsophis dorsalis helleri — SWASH & STILL 2000 Pseudalsophis occidentalis — ZAHER et al. 2009 Pseudalsophis occidentalis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 595
Distribution	Ecuador (Galapagos Islands: Fernandina, Isabela, Tortuga) Type locality: “Narborough Island, Galapagos Archipelago” [= Fernandina Island, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador].
Reproduction
Types	Holotype: CAS 11488 (occidentalis) Holotype: CAS 10280 [helleri]
Diagnosis	Diagnosis [helleri]: Scale-pits present, scales in 19 rows; gastrosteges more than 236; postoculars two; temporals 1+2 or 2+2, spotted, no longitudinal light stripes; no series of definite rounded blackish spots on lateral scales of first and second rows; light nuchal markings much less prominent, and dark spots on tips of gastrosteges absent or less distinct than in the Narborough form [from VAN DENBURGH 1912]. Additional details (297 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Synonymy: after Wallach et al. 2014.
Etymology	The specific name occidentalis (Latin) refers to the western distribution of this species.
References	Mertens, Robert 1960. Über die Schlangen der Galapagos Inseln. Senckenbergiana Biologica 41 (3/4): 133-141 Ortiz-Catedral, Luis; Eli Christian, Michael J. A. Skirrow, Danny Rueda, Christian Sevilla, Kumar Kirtana, Enzo MR Reyes, Jennifer C. Daltry 2019. Diet of six species of Galapagos terrestrial snakes (Pseudalsophis spp.) inferred from fecal samples. Herpetology Notes 12: 701-704 - get paper here ORTIZ-CATEDRAL, LUIS; HARRISON SOLLIS, EUAN MONCREIFFE, JOHANNES RAMIREZ, DANNY RUEDA, CHRISTIAN SEVILLA & RICHARD WOLLOCOMBE 2021. Evidence of cannibalism in a population of western Galápagos racers Pseudalsophis occidentalis (Serpentes: Colubridae). The Herpetological Bulletin (157) - get paper here Swash, A. & Still, R. 2000. Birds, Mammals and Reptiles of the Galapagos Islands. Pica Press, 168 pp. Thomas, Robert A 1997. Galapagos terrestrial snakes: biogeography and systematics. Herpetological Natural History 5 (1): 19-40 Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here Van Denburgh, John 1912. Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Galapagos Islands, 1905-1906. IV. The snakes of the Galapagos Islands. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 4) 1: 323-374 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Zaher, Hussam; Grazziotin, Felipe Gobbi; Cadle, John E.; Murphy, Robert W.; Moura-Leite, Julio Cesar de; Bonatto, Sandro L 2009. Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South American Xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. Pap. Avulsos Zool. (São Paulo) 49 (11): 115-153 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List https://bioweb.bio/faunaweb/reptiliaweb/FichaEspecie/Pseudalsophis… https://www.reptilesofecuador.com/pseudalsophis_occidentalis.html Google images

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