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Pseudocalotes rhammanotus HARVEY, HAMIDY, KURNIAWAN, SHANEY & SMITH, 2014

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Higher TaxaAgamidae (Draconinae), Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Stitched-back False Garden Lizard 
SynonymPseudocalotes rhammanotus HARVEY, HAMIDY, KURNIAWAN, SHANEY & SMITH 2014 
DistributionIndonesia (S Sumatra)

Type locality: montane forest along the ridge of a mountain south of Danau Ranau (= Lake Ranau), Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia, 4.9394° S, 103.85292° E, 1237 m elevation.  
Reproductionoviparous. Each oviduct of the holotype contains a single large, oval egg with a thick fibrous shell that has not yet calcified (dimensions of egg from left oviduct 17.3 X 6.8 mm; clutch size two). The left ovary contains one large and subcircular yellow egg (largest diameter 4.8 mm) and four small cream-colored eggs (0.7–1.5 mm). 
TypesHolotype: MZB 10804, an adult female, 1954 hrs, 17 June 2013, found by Elijah Wostl, accompanied by other field party members from BC, UB, and UTA. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A species of Pseudocalotes reaching at least 196 mm (67.9 mm SVL) and distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) discrete interparietal present; (2) canthals six; (3) enlarged, heavily keeled to subpyramidal posttemporal and posttympanic scales present; postrictal modified scale absent; (4) gulars relatively small, homogenous, no transition to small scales on poorly developed gular pouch; (5) short antehumeral fold with noticeably smaller scales below it (Fig. 7); (6) dorsolateral row of six heavily keeled scales; dorsolateral series reduced to single scale on neck; (7) scales on lower flanks feebly keeled and homogenous (8) 51 scales around midbody (9) dorsal crest of projecting scales extending to base of tail; all projecting scales of crest separated by medial contact between scales of paravertebral series; (10) ventrals smaller than dorsals; (11) subdigital lamellae at base of Toe III bicarinate with preaxial and postaxial keels equally developed; (12) dorsum brown and green, banded in unique holotype; (13) ventral body white with small brown spots densest laterally; (14) gular pouch white medially grading to dirty brown laterally; (15) tongue cream, throat black.


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CommentBehavior: When threatened, P. rhammanotus darkens in color and gapes its mouth exposing the sharply contrasting cream-colored tongue and black throat.

Abundance: only known from the type specimen (Meiri et al. 2017). 
EtymologyThe new name rhammanotus is an adjective derived from the Greek nouns rhamma meaning suture and notos meaning back. In Pseudocalotes rhammanotus, scales of the paravertebral series separate all scales of the dorsal crest and remind one of sutures along the back of this species. 
References
  • HARVEY, MICHAEL B.; AMIR HAMIDY, NIA KURNIAWAN, KYLE SHANEY & ERIC N. SMITH 2014. Three new species of Pseudocalotes (Squamata: Agamidae) from southern Sumatra, Indonesia. Zootaxa 3841 (2): 211–238 - get paper here
  • HARVEY, MICHAEL B.; KYLE SHANEY, AMIR HAMIDY, NIA KURNIAWAN, ERIC N. SMITH 2017. A new species of Pseudocalotes (Squamata: Agamidae) from the Bukit Barisan Range of Sumatra with an Estimation of its phylogeny. Zootaxa 4276 (2): 215–232 - get paper here
  • Meiri, Shai; Aaron M. Bauer, Allen Allison, Fernando Castro-Herrera, Laurent Chirio, Guarino Colli, Indraneil Das, Tiffany M. Doan, Frank Glaw, Lee L. Grismer, Marinus Hoogmoed, Fred Kraus, Matthew LeBreton, Danny Meirte, Zoltán T. Nagy, Cristiano d 2017. Extinct, obscure or imaginary: the lizard species with the smallest ranges. Diversity and Distributions - get paper here
  • Xu, Y., Gong, Y., Hou, M., Weng, S., Liu, S., Deng, J., ... & Peng, L. 2024. A New Species of the Genus Pseudocalotes (Squamata: Agamidae) from Southwest Yunnan, China. Animals, 14(6): 826 - get paper here
 
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