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Pseudocerastes fieldi SCHMIDT, 1930

IUCN Red List - Pseudocerastes fieldi - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Viperinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Field's Horned Viper 
SynonymPseudocerastes fieldi SCHMIDT 1930: 227
Vipera persica fieldi MARX & RABB 1965
Pseudocerastes persicus fieldi ARNOLD & GALLAGHER 1977
Pseudocerastes persicus fieldi — HARDING & WELCH 1980
Pseudocerastes persicus fieldi — WELCH 1994: 103
Pseudocerastes persicus fieldi — LEHMANN 1982
Daboia persica fieldi — OBST 1983: 233
Pseudocerastes persicus fieldi — GASPERETTI 1988: 352
Pseudocerastes persicus fieldi — SINDACO et al. 2006
Pseudocerastes fieldi — WALLACH et al. 2014: 600
Pseudocerastes fieldi — MEIRI et al. 2019 
DistributionIsrael, Egypt, Sinai, Jordan, SW Iraq, SW Iran, Saudi Arabia, Syria

Type locality: Ayn Bair, Jordan. “Transjordania, Bair Wells” according to MARX 1958.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: FMNH 11061 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A typical Pseudocerastes in having the rostral separated from the anterior nasal shield by small scales; scale covered horn-like projections over the eyes; lateral scales large and smooth; and ventrals not angulate. Distinguished from P. persicus Duméril and Bibron and from P. bicornis Wall by having only 21 rows of dorsal scales, two series of scales between the nasal and the rostral, and a lower number a of ventrals and subcaudals. (Schmidt 1930)


Additional details (1926 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Distribution: A record from Lebanon (Harding and Welch 1980) must be disregarded. See Bar et al. 2021 for a map.

Considered as subspecies of P. persicus by Leviton et al. and other authors (Golay et al. 1993 etc.).

Probably the main external morphological difference between P. persicus and P. fieldi is that the scale rows of P. persicus are all strongly keeled, whereas in P. fieldi several lateral rows are nearly smooth and the outer rows are entirely without keels. Pseudocerastes fieldi also has a significantly shorter tail (after BOSTANCHI et al. 2006). 
Etymologynamed after Henry Field who collected the type on May 9, 1928. 
References
  • Al-Quran, S. 2009. The Herpetofauna of the Southern Jordan. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 6 (4): 385-391 [this journal has a dubious record, see http://goo.gl/81SBPv]
  • Aloufi, A., Amr, Z., & Baker, M. A. 2022. Reptiles from'Uruq Bani Ma'arid and Harat al Harrah protected areas in Saudi Arabia: Reptiles from two protected areas in Saudi Arabia. Herpetology Notes 15: 483-491
  • Bar, A., Haimovitch, G. and Meiri, S. 2021. Field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of Israel. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt Am Main. ISBN 9783-89973-120-0 - get paper here
  • Bar, Aviad and Guy Haimovitch 2012. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Israel. Pazbar LTD, 246 pp. - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Bostanchi, Hamid; Anderson, Steven C.; Kami, Hagi Gholi; Papenfuss, Theodore J. 2006. A new species of Pseudocerastes with elaborate tail ornamentation from Western Iran (Squamata: Viperidae). Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 57 (14):443-450. - get paper here
  • Corkill, N. L. and Cochrane, J. A. 1966. The snakes of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 62 (3): 475-506 (1965) - get paper here
  • Egan, D. 2007. Snakes of Arabia. Motivate Publishing, Dubai, 208 pp.
  • Fathinia B, Rastegar‐Pouyani N, Rastegar‐Pouyani E. 2018. Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of genera Eristicophis and Pseudocerastes (Ophidia, Viperidae). Zoologica Scripta 47: 673–685 - get paper here
  • Fathinia, Behzad and Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani 2010. On the Species of Pseudocerastes (Ophidia: Viperidae) in Iran. Russ. J. Herpetol. 17 (4): 275-279 - get paper here
  • Gasperetti,J. 1988. Snakes of Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 9: 169-450
  • GHOLAMIFARD, Ali; Hamid Reza ESMAEILI 2010. First record and range extension of Field's horned viper, Pseudocerastes fieldi Schmidt, 1930 (Squamata: Viperidae), from Fars province, southern Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology 34: 551-552 - get paper here
  • Jestrzemski, D. 2019. Reptilien in Israel - unterwegs in der Negev-Wüste. Elaphe 2019 (3): 40-49
  • Jestrzemski, Daniel 2018. Auf Schlangensuche im Heiligen Land – eine Woche Israel. Ophidia 12 (1): 2-17
  • Latifi, M. 2000. The Snakes of Iran. 3rd Persian ed. (In Farsi). Tehran, Iran. 478 pp
  • Lehmann, M. 1982. Pseudocerastes persicus fieldi (SCHMIDT) im Terrarium. Herpetofauna 4 (21): 20-22 - get paper here
  • Leviton,A.E.; Anderson,S.C.; Adler, K.; Minton,S.A. 1992. Handbook to Middle East Amphibians and Reptiles. SSAR, Oxford, Ohio (Contr. to Herpetol. No. 8), 1-252
  • Marx, H. & G.B. RABB 1965. Relationships and zoogeography of the viperine snakes (Family Viperidae). Fieldiana: Zoology 44 (21): 161-206 - get paper here
  • Marx,H. 1958. Catalogue of type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in Chicago Natural History Museum. Fieldiana Zool. 36: 407-496 - get paper here
  • Meiri, Shai; Amos Belmaker, Daniel Berkowic, Kesem Kazes, Erez Maza, Guy Bar-Oz and Roi Dor 2019. A checklist of Israeli land vertebrates. Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution - get paper here
  • Modrý, P., Rifai, L., Abu Baker, M. & Amr, Z. 2004. Amphibians and reptiles of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Denisia 14 (Neue Serie 2): 407-420 - get paper here
  • Moravec, J.; Modry, D. 1994. On the occurrence of Cyrtodactylus heterocercus mardinensis and Pseudocerastes persicus fieldi in Syria. Zoology in the Middle East 10: 53-56 - get paper here
  • Obst, F.J. 1983. Zur Kenntnis der Schlangengattung Vipera. Zool. Abh. staatl. Mus. Tierkunde Dresden 38: 229-235
  • Phelps, T. 2010. Old World Vipers. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 558 pp. [critical review in Sauria 33 (3): 19 and HR 43: 503]
  • Pouyani, N. R., Fathinia, B., & Rastegar-pouyani, E. 2021. Ecomorphological Study of Scales in Some Genera of the Viperid and Colubrid Snakes (Ophidia: Viperidae: Colubridae). Authorea Preprints - get paper here
  • RASTEGAR-POUYANI, NASRULLAH; HAJI GHOLI KAMI, MEHDI RAJABZADEH, SOHEILA SHAFIEI AND STEVEN CLEMENT ANDERSON 2008. Annotated Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 4 (1): 7-30
  • Rhadi, Fadhel Aabbas;Rihab Ghaleb Mohammed, Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani,Eskandar Rastegar-Pouyani, Seyyed Saeed Hosseinian Yousefkhani 2017. On the Snake Fauna of Central and Southern Iraq and Some Zoogeographic Remarks. Russ. J. Herpetol. 24 (4): 251-266 - get paper here
  • Schmidt,K.P. 1930. Reptiles of Marshall Field North Arabian Desert Expedition, 1927-1928. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. xvii: 221-230 - get paper here
  • Schmidt,K.P. 1939. Reptiles and amphibians from Southwestern Asia. Publ. Field Mus. nat. Hist., zool. Ser., 24: 49-92 - get paper here
  • Scholz, S. et al. 2020. Fields Trughornviper (Pseudocerastes fieldi) - Beobachtungen im Lebensraum und bei der Fortpflanzung im Terrarium. Elaphe 2020 (3): 68-77
  • Sindaco, R.; Serra, G. & Menegon, M. 2006. New data on the Syrian herpetofauna with a newly-recorded species of snake. Zoology of the Middle-East 37: 29-38 - get paper here
  • Sindaco, Roberto; Riccardo Nincheri, Benedetto Lanza 2014. Catalogue of Arabian reptiles in the collections of the “La Specola” Museum, Florence. Scripta Herpetologica. Studies on Amphibians and Reptiles in honour of Benedetto Lanza: pp. 137-164 - get paper here
  • Spawls, Stephen; Tomáš Mazuch & Abubakr Mohammad 2023. Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of North-east Africa. Bloomsbury, 640 pp. - get paper here
  • Trape, J.-F. 2023. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale, centrale et d’Afrique du Nord. IRD Éditions, Marseille, 896 pp.
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Weima, André 2013. Giftschlangen verantwortungsvoll pflegen. Terraria-Elaphe 2013 (6): 18-23 - get paper here
 
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