You are here » home › search results › Pseudopus apodus

Pseudopus apodus (PALLAS, 1775)

iNaturalist logo

Can you confirm these amateur observations of Pseudopus apodus?

Add your own observation of
Pseudopus apodus »

Find more photos by Google images search: Google images

Higher TaxaAnguidae (Anguinae), Diploglossa, Anguimorpha, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
SubspeciesPseudopus apodus apodus (PALLAS 1775)
Pseudopus apodus levantinus JABLONSKI, RIBEIRO-JUNIOR, MEIRI, MAZA, MIKULÍČEK & JANZIK 2021
Pseudopus apodus thracius (OBST 1978) 
Common NamesE: European Glass Lizard
G: Scheltopusik, Panzerschleiche
Croatian: blavor
Russian: Желтопузик 
SynonymLacerta apoda PALLAS 1775: 435
Chalcida apus — MEYER 1795: 31
Lacerta apus — SHAW & NODDER 1799: plate 411
Sheltopusik didactylus LATREILLE 1802
Pseudopus serpentinus MERREM 1820 (nom. subst.)
Pseudopus durvillii CUVIER 1829 (nomen dubium fide OBST 1980)
Pseudopus Fischeri MÉNESTRIÉS 1832
Pseudopus serpentinus — GERVAIS 1836: 311
Pseudopus Pallasii — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1839: 417
Pseudopus serpentinus — BERTHOLD 1840
Pseudopus Pallasii — GRAVENHORST 1851: 384
Pseudopus Pallasii — BRÜHL 1886
Ophisaurus apus — BOULENGER 1885: 280
Pseudopus Pallasii — LEYDIG 1886
Ophisaurus apus —BOETTGER 1889: 269
Ophisaurus apus — BOETTGER 1892: 137
Pseudopus pallasii — CAMP 1923: 365
Ophisaurus pallasii — CAMP 1923: 368
Ophisaurus apodus — MERTENS & MÜLLER 1928
Ophisaurus apodus — SMITH 1935: 395
Ophiosaurus apodus — LEVITON 1959 (in error)
Pseudopus apodus — KLEMBARA 1979
Ophisaurus apodus — OBST 1981
Ophisaurus apodus — KASPAREK 1990
Ophisaurus apodus — ENGELMANN et al 1993
Ophisaurus apodus — FRYNTA et al. 1997
Ophisaurus apodus — ANDERSON 1999
Anguis apodus — MACEY et al. 1999
Pseudopus apodus — ROITBERG et al. 2000
Ophisaurus apodus — PLESSAS 2002
Ophisaurus apodus — KUMLUTAS et al. 2004
Pseudopus apodus — RUTSCHKE et al. 2005
Pseudopus apodus apodus — JANDZIK et al. 2017
Pseudopus apodus apodus — JABLONSKI et al. 2021

Pseudopus apodus thracius (OBST 1978)
Ophisaurus apodus thracius OBST 1978
Ophisaurus apodus thracius — THIEME 1985
Ophisaurus apodus thracius — ENGELMANN et al. 1993
Ophisarus [sic] apodus thracius — CEVIK 1999
Pseudopus apodus thracius — STOEV 2000
Pseudopus apodus thracius — SCHLÜTER 2005
Pseudopus apodus thracius — JANDZIK et al. 2017
Pseudopus apodus thracius — JABLONSKI et al. 2021
Pseudopus apodus thracius — ZAUNER 2023

Pseudopus apodus levantinus JABLONSKI, RIBEIRO-JUNIOR, MEIRI, MAZA, MIKULÍČEK & JANZIK 2021 
DistributionGreece (incl. Limnos, Rhodos, Lesbos, Corfu = Corfou, Chios, Samos), coastal Croatia, Hercegovina, Monte Negro, Macedonia, Montenegro, Albania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Lebanon,
European Soviet Union (Caucasus, Dagestan), S Russia (Dagestan), S Ukraine, Republic of Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, W Tajikistan, S Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Israel

thracicus: northern coastal areas of the Black Sea, Bulgaria, Greece (Lesbos etc.)

Type locality: North Caucasus; Naryn Steppe, Russia (N coast of Caspian Sea) fide ANDERSON 1999. Obst 1978:136 considered this unlikely and restricts the type locality to the Terek River region.

levantinus: southern Turkey, western Syria, northern and central Israel; Type locality: Giv’at Ada (גבעת עדה), Israel)32.52°N, 35.01°E.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: unlocated fide ANDERSON 1999.
Holotype: MTD (= MTKD); Paratypes: ZISP 19642, ZFMK, MTD (= MTKD) [thracius]
Syntypes: ZISP 2403 [Pseudopus Fischeri]
Holotype. TAU-R 16895 (Fig. 6, Table S7), an adult male, collected on the 16th of May, 2014 by Erez Maza, at Giv’at Ada (גבעת עדה), Israel )32.52°N, 35.01°E, Fig. 7). The molecular-genetic data of the holotype are available for ND2 (MW400924), Cyt b (MW400903), and microsatellites (Fig. 2, Table S1, S2). Paratypes. TAU-R 17076 (MW400927, MW400906), an adult male, th collected on 19 May 2014 by Talia Oron, at Biranit (בירנית), Israel )33.05°N, 35.34°E(; TAU-R 17235 )MW400928, MW400907), an adult male, collected on 6th May 2015 by Ron Elazari, at Hadera (ֲח ֵד ָרה ), Israel )32.47°N, 34.89°E(; TAU-R 17895 )MW400930, MW400909), an adult הר( ’male, collected on 18th April 2016 by Ofer Shimoni, on Mt. Gilboa -Israel )32.45°N, 35.43°E(; TAU-R 19403, an adult male, col ,(הגלבוע th ,)רמת הנדיב( lected on 16 May 2019 by Amir Arnon, at Ramat HaNadiv Israel )32.55°N, 34.95°E( )Figs. 2, 8, Table S1, S2, S7) [levantinus] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Ear opening distinct; vestiges ofhind limbs appearing as elongate papillae at sides of vent; pterygoid teeth in two series; dorsal scales keeled. See Obst (1978: 137) for distinctions between subspecies he recognizes (Anderson 1999: 114).


Additional details (2993 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy: Partly after BRYGOO 1987. KLEMBARA (1979) also transferred Ophisaurus moguntinus and Ophisaurus pannonicus to Pseudopus. Macey et al. (1999) found this species nested within other Ophisaurus species thereby the name Ophisaurus apodus is required to render the genus monophyletic.

Limb morphology: Limbless.

Type Species: Pseudopus serpentinus MERREM 1820 is the type species of the genus Pseudopus MERREM 1820.

Distribution: See map in SMID et al. 2014 for distribution in Iran. See Jandzik et al. 2017 for map of subspecies. These authors also identified a southern lineage that may be described as a separate subspecies. See Bar et al. 2021 for a map.

Fossils: Multiple fossil species of the Pseudopus lineage have been described, including P. rugosus (Klembara 2014) and P. ahnikoviensis (Klembara 2012) in the early Miocene, Pseudopus laurillardi (Klembara et al. 2010) in the middle Miocene, and Pseudopus pannonicus in the late Miocene and Pliocene (Klembara et al. 2010).

Karyotype: 2n = 44 (Altmanová et al. 2022) 
EtymologyNamed after Greek “pus, podos” = leg, pseudo = fake, and a-podus for no leg.
The German name “scheltopusik” is derived from Russian for “yellow belly” (Langner 2019).
P. a. levantinus has been named after the Levantine region. 
References
  • Al-Quran, S. 2009. The Herpetofauna of the Southern Jordan. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 6 (4): 385-391 [this journal has a dubious record, see http://goo.gl/81SBPv]
  • Altmanová, M., Doležálková-Kaštánková, M., Jablonski, D., Strachinis, I., Vergilov, V., Vacheva, E., ... & Gvoždík, V. 2022. Karyotype stasis but species-specific repetitive DNA patterns in Anguis lizards (Anguidae), in the evolutionary framework of Anguiformes Research Square - get paper here
  • Anderson, Steven C 1999. The lizards of Iran. Contributions to Herpetology Volume 15, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Saint Louis, Missouri: i-vii, 1-442 [review in Copeia 2000 (4): 1144] - get paper here
  • Andrea Villa, Massimo Delfino 2019. A comparative atlas of the skull osteology of European lizards (Reptilia: Squamata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187 (3): 829–928 - get paper here
  • Anooshe, K., Sohrab, A., Masoud, Y., Eskandar, R. P., Mahdi, R., Faraham, A., ... & Loïc, P. 2020. Reptile species richness associated to ecological and historical variables in Iran. Scientific Reports (Nature Publisher Group), 10(1) - get paper here
  • Arakelyan, Marine S.; Felix D. Danielyan, Claudia Corti, Roberto Sindaco, and Alan E. Leviton 2011. The Herpetofauna of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. SSAR, Salt Lake City, 154 pp. [ISBN: 978-0-916984-84-7.]
  • Bar, A., Haimovitch, G. and Meiri, S. 2021. Field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of Israel. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt Am Main. ISBN 9783-89973-120-0 - get paper here
  • Bar, Aviad and Guy Haimovitch 2012. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Israel. Pazbar LTD, 246 pp. - get paper here
  • Bauer A.M. and Russell A.P 2017. Carl Bernhard Brühl and the Herpetological Contributions of his Zootomie aller Thierklassen. Bibliotheca Herpetologica 13 (1-2): 4-34 - get paper here
  • Berthold,A.A. 1840. Ueber verschiedene neue oder seltene Amphibienarten. Abh. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 1: 47-72 [1842 ?]
  • Beshkov, V & Nanev, K 2006. The Amphibians and Reptiles in Bulgaria. Pensoft Series Faunistica 46, 120 pp.
  • Bird, C. G. 1936. The distribution of reptiles and amphibians in Asiatic Turkey with notes on a collection from the Vilayets of Adana, Gaziantep and Malatya. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 18: 257-281. - get paper here
  • Boettger, O. 1892. Kriechthiere der Kaukasusländer, gesammelt durch die Radde-Valentin’sche Expedition nach dem Karabagh und durch die Herren Dr. J. Valentin un P. Reibisch. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1892: 131-150 - get paper here
  • Böhme, Wolfgang 2014. Herpetology in Bonn. Mertensiella 21. vi + 256 pp. - get paper here
  • Borkin, L.J. 2022. EARLY STUDIES ON THE HERPETOFAUNA OF KAZAKHSTAN (XVIII CENTURY) [in russian] Almaty: Institute of Zoology of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2022. - 156 pp.
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Broggi, Mario F. 1978. Herpetologische Beobachtungen auf der Insel Lesbos (Griechenland). Salamandra 14 (4): 161-171 - get paper here
  • Brühl, C.B. 1874. Zootomie aller Thierklassen für Lernende, nach Autopsien, skizzirt. Bd. 1-4. Alfred Hölder, Wien: Bd. 1, 86 pp.; Bd. 2, 90 pp.; Bd. 3, 114 pp.; Bd. 4, 152 pp. (published in parts from 1874 to 1888, see Bauer & Russell 2017 for details) - get paper here
  • Brygoo, E. R. 1987. Les types d'Anguid és (Reptiles, Sauriens) du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle Catalogue critique. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 4e ser., 9, sect. A (Zool., BioI. & Ecol. anim.), (2), supplement, 3-20. - get paper here
  • Camp, Charles Lewis 1923. Classification of the Lizards. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 48 (11): 289-481. - get paper here
  • ÇEVIK, I.E. 1999. Trakya’da Yasayan Kertenkele Türlerinin Taksonomik Durumu (Lacertilia: Anguidae, Lacertidae, Scincidae). Tr. J. of Zoology 23 (1): 23–35
  • Chirikova M. A. 2021. Tail bifurcation in the European Glass Lizard (Pseudopus apodus) in South Kazakhstan [in Russian] Proc. Inst. Zool., Kazakhstan, pp. 141-144 - get paper here
  • CHIRIKOVA, M. A., Y. A. ZIMA, M. V. PESTOV, AND V. A. TERENTYEV 2020. Biodiversity of the Herpetofauna of the Muyunkum Desert, Kazakhstan. Herpetological Review 51: 438-446.
  • Clark, R. J. and Clark, E. D. 1970. Notes on four lizard species from the Peloponnese, Greece: Algyroides moreoticus Bibron and Bory, Anguis fragilis peloponnesiacus Stepanek, Ophiomorus punctatissimus (Bibron and Bory) and Ophisaurus apodus (Pallas). British Journal of Herpetology 4: 135-137. - get paper here
  • Davletbakov, A. T.; L. A. Kustareva, D. A. Milko, A. N. Ostastshenko, S. S. Sagymbaev, S. A. Toropov, N. V. Trotchenko 2015. Genetical Fund Cadastre of Kyrgyz Republic. Vol. IV. Phylum Chordata (chordates). Bishkek, 128 p. + XXXVI color tables - get paper here
  • Disi, A.M.; Modry, D.; Nečas, P. & Rifai, L. 2001. Amphibians and reptiles of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 408 pp.
  • Dujsebayeva, T. N. (ed.) 2010. Short review of last changes in the checklist of amphibians and reptiles of Kazakhstan. [in Russian]. In: Dujsebayeva, T. N. (ed.) Herpetological Researches in Kazakhstan and adjacent countries, p. 37-52
  • Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1839. Erpétologie Générale on Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles. Vol. 5. Roret/Fain et Thunot, Paris, 871 pp. - get paper here
  • Dunaev E.A., Orlova V.F. 2017. Amphibians and reptiles of Russia. Atlas and determination. 2nd. ed. Moscow: Phyton XXI, 328 p
  • Engelmann, E. & Kabisch, K. 1973. Disk-elektrophoretische Untersuchungen der Serumproteine europäischer Echsen der Familien Anguidae und Lacertidae. Experientia 29: 1440-1441 - get paper here
  • Engelmann, W.E. et al. 1993. Lurche und Kriechtiere Europas. Neumann Verlag (Radebeul, Germany), 440 pp.
  • Esser, S. 2011. Haltung und Nachzucht des Scheltopusiks, Pseudopus apodus, im Zoologischen Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig. Reptilia (Münster) 16 (88): 32 - get paper here
  • Estes, Richard; Queiroz, Kevin de & Gauthier, Jacques 1988. Phylogenetic Relationships within Squamata. In: Estes, Richard & Pregill, Gregory (Hrsg.): Phylogenetic Relationships of the Lizard families: Essays Commemorating Charles L. Camp. - Stanford: Stanford University Press; pp. 119-281
  • Forcart, Lothar 1950. Amphibien und Reptilien von Iran. Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel 61: 141-156
  • Frank, Thomas; Enerit Saçdanaku, Michael Duda & Ferdinand Bego 2018. Amphibian and reptile fauna of the Vjosa River, Albania. Acta ZooBot Austria 155: 323–336 - get paper here
  • Fritz, P. 2011. Eine Freianlage für den Scheltopusik, Pseudopus apodus. Reptilia (Münster) 16 (88): 24 - get paper here
  • Fritz, P. & Trapp. B. 2014. Pseudopus apodus (PALLAS, 1775). Sauria 36 (4): 2 - get paper here
  • Frynta,D. et al. 1997. Results of the Czech biological expedition to Iran. Part 1. Notes on the distribution of amphibians and reptiles. Acta Soc. Zool. Bohem. 61: 3-17
  • Gervais, Paul 1836. Enumération de quelques espèces de reptiles provenant de Barbarie. Ann. Sci. Nat. (2) VI: 308-313 - get paper here
  • Glavaš, OJ, Počanić, P, Lovrić, V, Derežanin, L, Tadić, Z, Lisičić, D 2020. Morphological and ecological divergence in two populations of European glass lizard, Pseudopus apodus (Squamata: Anguidae). Zoological Research 41: 172-181 - get paper here
  • Gravenhorst, J. L. C. 1851. Über die im Zoologischen Museum der Universität Breslau Befindlichen Wirtelschleichen (Pseudosaura), Krüppelfüssler (Brachypoda), und einige andere, Denselben verwandte Reptilien aus den Zünften der Schleichen und Dickzüngler [Euprepes striolatus]. Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. Nat. Cur. 23 (1): 291-394 [1847] - get paper here
  • GVOZDENOVIĆ, S., & IKOVIĆ, V. 2022. CHECKLIST OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF MONTENEGRO AND THEIR CONSERVATION STATUS. Natura Montenegrina, Podgorica, 2022, 14 (2): 93-105 - get paper here
  • Henle, K. 1985. Ökologische, zoogeographische und systematische Bemerkungen zur Herpetofauna Jugoslawiens. Salamandra 21 (4): 229-251 - get paper here
  • Hraoui-Bloquet, S.; Sadek, R.A.; Sindaco, R. & Venchi, A. 2002. The herpetofauna of Lebanon: new data on distribution. Zoology in the Middle East 27: 35-46 - get paper here
  • HUTWALKER, A. 2017. Herpetologische Eindrücke einer Wanderreise im zentralen Elbursgebirge, Nordiran. Sauria 39 (3): 25-30 - get paper here
  • Jablonski D, Ribeiro-Júnior MA, Meiri S, Maza E, Kukushkin OV, Chirikova M, Pirosová A, Jelić D, Mikulíček P, Jandzik D. 2021. Morphological and genetic differentiation in the anguid lizard Pseudopus apodus supports the existence of an endemic subspecies in the Levant. Vertebrate Zoology 71: 175-200 - get paper here
  • Jablonski, Daniel 2011. Reptiles and amphibians of Albania with new records and notes on occurrence and distribution. Acta Soc. Zool. Bohem. 75: 223–238 - get paper here
  • Jablonski, Daniel 2018. Male-Male Combat in Pseudopus apodus (Reptilia: Anguidae). Russ. J. Herpetol. 25 (4): 293-298 - get paper here
  • Jablonski, Daniel & Nir Avraham 2018. Markedly dark coloration in a Pallas’ glass lizard, Pseudopus apodus (Reptilia, Anguidae). Spixiana 41 (1): 155-156 - get paper here
  • Jandzik, David; Daniel Jablonski, Jiří Moravec, Václav Gvoždík 2017. Pleistocene extinctions and recent expansions in an anguid lizard of the genus Pseudopus. Zoologica Scripta. 47: 21–32 [2018] - get paper here
  • Kabisch, K. & Engelhard, H. 1964. Beobachtungen an Reptilien in der Umgebung von Varna-Goldsand. Aquarien Terrarien 11 (6): 194-197
  • Kamali, Kamran 2020. A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Iran. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (www.chimaira.de). 574 pp.
  • Kasapidis, Panagiotis;Provatidou, Sofia;Maragou, Panagiota;Valakos, Efstratios D. 1996. Neue Daten über die Herpetofauna von Lesbos (ägäische Inseln, Griechenland) und einige biogeographische Bemerkungen über die Inseln des nordöstlichen ägäischen Archipels. Salamandra 32 (3): 171-180 - get paper here
  • Kasparek, M. 1990. Zur Herpetofauna des Beckens von Köycegiz, Türkei (Dalyan-Region). Salamandra 26 (2-3): 155-164 - get paper here
  • Keskin, Emre; Cemal Varol Tok, Sibel Hayretdağ, Kerim Çiçek, Dinçer Ayaz 2013. Genetic structuring of Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775) (Sauria: Anguidae) in north Anatolia, Turkey. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 50: 411–418 - get paper here
  • Klembara J 1979. Neue Funde der Gattungen Ophisaurus und Anguis (Squamata, Reptilia) aus dem Untermiozän Westböhmens (CSSR). SOVESTNIK USTREDNIHO USTAVU GEOLOGICKEHO 54 (3): 163-170
  • Klembara, J. 2012. A new species of Pseudopus(Squamata, Anguidae) from the early Miocene of North-West Bohemia (Czech Republic). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32(4), 854– 866 - get paper here
  • Klembara, J. 2015. New finds of anguines (Squamata, Anguidae) from the Early Miocene of Northwest Bohemia (Czech Republic). Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 89(2), 171–195. doi:10.1007/s12542-014-0226-4 - get paper here
  • Klembara, J., and Green, B., 2010. Anguimorph lizards (Squamata, Anguimorpha) from the Middle and Upper Eocene of the Hampshire Basin of Southern England. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8, 97–129 - get paper here
  • Klembara, J., Böhme, M., and Rummel, M., 2010. Revision of the Anguine Lizard Pseudopus laurillardi (Squamata, Anguidae) from the Miocene of Europe, with Comments on Paleoecology. J. Paleontol. 84, 159–196. doi:10.1666/09-033R1.1 - get paper here
  • Klembara, Jozef; Miroslav Hain and Karolína Dobiašová 2014. Comparative Anatomy of the Lower Jaw and Dentition of Pseudopus apodus and the Interrelationships of Species of Subfamily Anguinae (Anguimorpha, Anguidae). Anatomical Record 297 (3): 516–544 - get paper here
  • Kumlutas, Yusuf; Oz, Mehmet; Durmus, Hakan; Tunc, M. Rizvan; Ozdemir, Adem; Dusen, Serdar 2004. On some lizard species of the Western Taurus Range. Turkish Journal of Zoology 28:225-236 - get paper here
  • Kwet, A. 2010. Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Kosmos-Verlag, Stuttgart, 252 pp.
  • Kwet, Axel & Benny Trapp 2014. Liste der Reptilien Europas. Draco 15 (60): 72-79 - get paper here
  • Langerwerf, B. 1980. De herpetofauna van Oezbekistan (4). Lacerta 38 (7): 58 - get paper here
  • Langner, Ch. 2019. Ich komme Dir auf die Schliche! Verkanntes Schleichenvolk – die interessanten Echsen der Familie Anguidae. Reptilia (Münster) 24 (136): 16-27 - get paper here
  • Leviton, Alan E. 1959. Report on a collection of reptiles from Afghanistan. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 29 (12): 445-463 - get paper here
  • Leviton,A.E.; Anderson,S.C.; Adler, K.; Minton,S.A. 1992. Handbook to Middle East Amphibians and Reptiles. SSAR, Oxford, Ohio (Contr. to Herpetol. No. 8), 1-252
  • Leydig, F. 1886. Mutmaßliche Lymphherzen bei Pseudopus. Zool. Anz. 9: 317-318 - get paper here
  • Macey, J.R. 1999. Molecular phylogenetics, tRNA evolution, and historical biogeography in anguid lizards and related taxonomic families. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 12 (3): 250-272 - get paper here
  • Martin T, Guillemin M, Nivet-Mazerolles V, Landsmann C, Dubos J, Eudeline R, and Stroud J. 2017. The herpetofauna of central Uzbekistan. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 11(1) [General Section]: 93–107 - get paper here
  • Mazanaeva, Liudmila F.; Azim D. Askenderov 2020. Distribution of the Giant Glass Lizard, Pseudopus apodus (Sauria, Anguidae) in Dagestan, Russia. Russian Journal of Herpetology 27 (2): 70-80 - get paper here
  • Meiri, Shai; Amos Belmaker, Daniel Berkowic, Kesem Kazes, Erez Maza, Guy Bar-Oz and Roi Dor 2019. A checklist of Israeli land vertebrates. Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution - get paper here
  • Mertens, R., and L. Müller. 1940. Liste der Amphibien und Reptilien Europas. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft. Frankfurt am Main. 451: 1-62 - get paper here
  • Meyer, A. 1985. Die Reptilienfauna des südlichen Peleponnes. Sauria 7 (1): 13-16 - get paper here
  • Meyer, F.A.A. 1795. Synopsis Reptilium, novam ipsorum sistens generum methodum, nec non Gottingensium huius ordinis animalium enumerationem. Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, Göttingen, 32 pp [for current names see Rösler & Böhme 2021] - get paper here
  • Mikulíček, P., D. Jablonski, M. Páleník, V. Gvoždík & D. Jandzik 2018. Characterization of microsatellite markers in the genera Anguis and Pseudopus (Reptilia: Anguidae). Salamandra 54 (2): 158-162 - get paper here
  • Milto, Konstantin D. 2010. A record of natural nest of Pseudopus apodus. Russ. J. Herpetol. 17 (1): 41-42 - get paper here
  • MOHAMMADALIZADEGAN, ALVAND & POURYA SARDARI. 2022. Artificial incubation and mold treatment of European Glass Lizard (Pseudopus apodus) eggs in a home-made incubator. Reptiles & Amphibians 29(1): 76–78. - get paper here
  • Morinaga, G. & Bergmann, P. J. 2019. Angles and waves: intervertebral joint angles and axial kinematics of limbed lizards, limbless lizards, and snakes. Zoology 134, 16–26 (2019) - get paper here
  • Nasrabadi, Reza; Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani, Eskandar Rastegar-Pouyani, Haji Gholi Kami, Ahmad Gharzi, Saeed S. Hosseinian Yousefkhani 2018. Distribution and Environmental Suitability of the European Glass Lizard Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775) in the Iranian Plateau. Russ. J. Herpetol. 25 (1): 6-10 - get paper here
  • Nikolsky, A. M. 1897. Les reptiles, amphibiens et poissons recueillis (part.) Mr. N. Zaroudny dans la Perse orientale [in Russian]. Annuaire Musée Zoologique de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 2: 306-348 - get paper here
  • Obst F J 1980. Nachbemerkungen zur Subspezies-Gliederung des Scheltopusiks, Ophisaurus apodus (Pallas). (Reptilia, Squamata, Anguidae). SOZOOLOGISCHE ABHANDLUNGEN (DRESDEN) 36 (7): 127-129.
  • Obst, F.J. 1981. Ophisaurus apodus - Scheltopusik, Panzerschleiche. In: Böhme,W. (ed.), Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas, Band I., Echsen I. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Wiesbaden, pp. 259-274
  • Obst, Fritz Jurgen. 1978. Zur geographischen Variabilitat des Scheltopusik, Ophisaurus apodus (Pallas) (Reptilia, Squamata, Anguidae). Zoologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fUr Tierkunde in Dresden, 35(8):129-140 - get paper here
  • Ollonen, J., Khannoon, E. R., Macrì, S., Vergilov, V., Kuurne, J., Saarikivi, J., ... & Di-Poï, N. 2024. Dynamic evolutionary interplay between ontogenetic skull patterning and whole-head integration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1-16 - get paper here
  • Özgül, C. N., & Gül, Ç. 2024. Mapping of Amphibian and Reptile species living in Bozcaada (Tenedos) Island, Türkiye, according to habitat and environ-mental changes. Biodiversity Journal 15 (1): 3–18 - get paper here
  • Pallas, P.S. 1775. Lacerta apoda descripta. Novi Comment. Acad. Petrop. 19: 435-454 - get paper here
  • Petrov B. P., N. Tzankov, H. Strijbosch, G. Popgeorgiev, V. Beshkov 2006. The herpetofauna (Amphibia and Reptilia) of the Western Rhodopes mountain (Bulgaria and Greece). In: Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, pp. 863-912
  • Plessas, A. 2002. Herp hound experience in Greece. Reptilia (GB) (21): 8-10 - get paper here
  • Plettenberg--Laing, Anthony 2021. Eyes bigger than the stomach? A record of the Eastern Montpellier snake, Malpolon insignitus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827), predating an adult glass lizard, Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775). Herpetology Notes 14: 361-363 - get paper here
  • RASTEGAR-POUYANI, NASRULLAH; HAJI GHOLI KAMI, MEHDI RAJABZADEH, SOHEILA SHAFIEI AND STEVEN CLEMENT ANDERSON 2008. Annotated Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 4 (1): 7-30
  • Rifai, Lina, Mohammad Abu Baker, Darweesh Al Shafei, Ahmad M. Disi, Ahmad Manhasneh and Zuhair Amr 2005. Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775) from Jordan, with notes on its ecology. Herpetozoa 18 (3/4): 133-140 - get paper here
  • Roitberg, E. S., Mazanaeva, L.F., Ilyina, E. & Orlova, V.F. 2000. Die Echsen D<br>agestans (Nordkaukasus, Russland): Artenliste und aktuelle Verbreitungsdaten (Reptilia: Sauria: Gekkonidae, Agamidae, Anguidae, Scincidae et Lacertidae). Faunist. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierk. Dresden 22 (8) - get paper here
  • Rösler, Herbert & Wolfgang Böhme 2021. Das Leben von Friedrich Albrecht Anton Meyer (1768 – 1795) und die Herpetologie in seinen Schriften, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der „Synopsis Reptilium“. Sekretär 21: 83-129
  • Rutschke, J.; Koepe, D. & Deichsel, G. 2005. Beobachtungen zu anthropogenen Einflüssen auf die Reptilienfauna des Peloponnes (Griechenland). Herpetofauna 25 (143): 17-28 [2003/2004] - get paper here
  • Sämann, Jürgen; Martin Dieckmann & Karin Dieckmann 2023. Krk – Island of the giants. Sauria 45 (3): 1-12
  • Schlüter, U. 2005. Die Herpetofauna der bulgarischen Schwarzmeerküste - Teil 2: Echsen. Elaphe 13 (4): 52-58
  • Schmidt B, Kranželić D, Majetić Đ, Lauš B, Štih A, Koren T 2020. Distribution and conservation status of the herpetofauna of Dugi Otok Island, Croatia. Herpetozoa 33: 191-205 - get paper here
  • Schneider,B. 1986. Zur Herpetofauna der Insel Limnos (Hellespontische Inseln, Nordägäis, Griechenland). Salamandra 22 (4): 276-280 - get paper here
  • Schultschik, Günter;Steinfartz, Sebastian 1996. Ergebnisse einer herpetologischen Exkursion in den Iran. Herpetozoa 9 (1/2): 91-95 - get paper here
  • Sehnal, P. & Schuster, A. 1999. Herpetologische Beobachtungen auf der Kvarnerinsel Cres, Kroatien. Ergebnisse von fünf Exkursionen. Herpetozoa 12 (3-4): 163-178 - get paper here
  • Shaw, George & Nodder, Frederick P. (Eds.) 1800. The Naturalist's Miscellany [...], Vol. XI. London, Nodder & Co., plates 397-444, 192 unnumbered pages, [published in monthly issues be-tween August 1, 1799, and July 1, 1800] - get paper here
  • Sindaco, R. & Jeremcenko, V.K. 2008. The reptiles of the Western Palearctic. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 579 pp. - get paper here
  • Sindaco, Roberto; Alberto Venchi, Giuseppe M. Carpaneto, Marco A. Bologna 2000. The Reptiles of Anatolia: a Checklist and Zoogeographical analysis. Biogeographia, 21-2000: 441-554. - get paper here
  • ŠMÍD, JIŘÍ; JIŘÍ MORAVEC, PETR KODYM, LUKÁŠ KRATOCHVÍL, SEYYED SAEED HOSSEINIAN YOUSEFKHANI, ESKANDAR RASTEGAR-POUYANI & DANIEL FRYNTA 2014. Annotated checklist and distribution of the lizards of Iran. Zootaxa 3855 (1): 001–097 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1935. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Reptiles and Amphibia, Vol. II. Sauria. Taylor and Francis, London, 440 pp.
  • Starkov, V. G. and V. F. Orlova. 2007. New records of reptiles (Reptilia, Squamata) at Azov seashore of Taman' peninsula (Krasnodar Kray, Russia). Russ. J. Herpetol. 14 (2):87-90 - get paper here
  • Stoev, Pavel 2000. On the distribution, biology and ecology of amphibians and reptiles in the Derventski Heights and the Sakar Mountain, South-East Bulgaria Hist. Nat. Bulgarica 12: 59–69 - get paper here
  • Strachinis, Ilias; Dimitris Aravanis 2017. Additions to the known herpetofauna of the Island of Ithaki, Ionian Sea, Greece. Herpetozoa 30 (1/2): 64 - 66 - get paper here
  • Szczerbak, N.N. 2003. Guide to the Reptiles of the Eastern Palearctic. Krieger, Malabar, FL, 260 pp. - get paper here
  • Thieme, U. 1985. Die Amphibien - und Reptilienfauna der südost - bulgarischen Küste, Teil 2: Reptilien 1. Sauria 7 (3): 3-6 - get paper here
  • TOSONOGLU, M. & GÜL, Ç. & UYSAL, I. 2009. The herpetofauna of Tenedos (Bozcaada, Turkey) [Short Note]. Herpetozoa 22: - get paper here
  • Tóth, Tamás, László Krecsák, Thomas Madsen and Beáta Újvári 2002. Herpetofaunal locality records on the Greek Islands of Corfu (Amphibia, Reptilia). Herpetozoa 15 (3/4):149-169 - get paper here
  • Toth, Tamas; Miklós Heltai, Andrea Keszi, Goran Susic, Levente Moharos, Balazs Farkas, Csaba Geczy, Orsolya Torda, Janos Gal 2017. Herpetofauna inventory of the small islands of the Cres-Losinj Archipelago (North Adriatic Sea, Croatia) (Amphibia; Reptilia). Herpetozoa 30 (1/2): 21 - 28 - get paper here
  • Trapp, B. 2005. Das Haus in Kotronas. Reptilia (Münster) 10 (53): 40-45 - get paper here
  • Trapp, B. 2007. Reptilien und Amphibien des griechischen Festlandes. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 300 pp. - get paper here
  • Trutnau, L. 1975. Europäische Amphibien und Reptilien. Belser Verlag, Stuttgart 212 pp.
  • Tuniyev, B. S. 1995. On the Mediterranean influence on the formation of herpetofauna of Caucasian Isthmus and its main xerophylous refugia. Russ. J. Herpetol. 2 (2): 95-119 - get paper here
  • Uhrin, Marcel; Peter Havaš, Martin Minařík, Karel Kodejš, Imrich Bugoš, Stanislav Danko, Tomáš Husák, Daniel Koleska and Daniel Jablonski 2016. Distribution updates to amphibian and reptile fauna for the Republic of Macedonia. Herpetology Notes 9: 201-220 - get paper here
  • Vervust, B. et al. 2009. DISTRIBUTION OF REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS IN THE NATURE PARK LASTOVO ARCHIPELAGO: POSSIBLE UNDERLYING BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC CAUSES. Nat. Croat. 18 (1): 113-127
  • Werner,Y.L. 1988. Herpetofaunal survey of Israel (1950-1985), with comments on Sinai and Jordan and on zoogeographical heterogeneity. in: Yom-Tov,Y. & Tchernov, E. (eds.) The zoogeography of Israel, Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht (Netherlands); ISBN 90-6193-650-0
  • Wirth, M. 2011. Der Scheltopusik in Kroatien. Reptilia (Münster) 16 (88): 39 - get paper here
  • Wirth, M. 2011. Die größte Echse Europas – der Scheltopusik, Pseudopus apodus. Reptilia (Münster) 16 (88): 16 - get paper here
  • Wütschert, R. 1984. Neues uber die Reptilienfauna der Insel Korfu. Salamandra 20 (4): 221-228 - get paper here
  • YAKIN, B. Y., & Cemal Varol, T. O. K. 2020. Data on the reproductive biology of two Anguids in Turkey. Biharean Biologist 15(1): 48–52. - get paper here
  • Yangiboyev, E. C.; Mamarakhimov, O. M., Makhmudova, M. M., Nabiev, U. A., & Karamatova, G. 2024. The diversity of reptiles in different ecological environments of mountainous parts of Kashkadarya region. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 510, p. 03012). EDP Sciences - get paper here
  • Yaryhin O, Klembara J, Pichugin Y, Kaucka M, Werneburg I. 2021. Limb reduction in squamate reptiles correlates with the reduction of the chondrocranium: a case study on serpentiform anguids. Developmental Dynamics - get paper here
  • Zauner, Jochen 2023. Herpetologische Beobachtungen auf dem Peloponnes (Griechenland). Sauria 45 (4): 1-17
 
External links  
Is it interesting? Share with others:

As link to this species use URL address:

https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Pseudopus&species=apodus

without field 'search_param'. Field 'search_param' is used for browsing search result.



Please submit feedback about this entry to the curator